History shows financial calamities occur when rates rise rapidly like this: 'Something always breaks'

The yield on the 10-year Treasury note is rising to levels not seen in years. But it's not necessarily the outright level that's most concerning for those on Wall Street, it's the speed of the move.

When rates climb at such a rapid pace, history tells them something bad tends to happen.

The 10-year yield saw its most rapid one-day increase since April 7, 2025, on Wednesday, rising further on Thursday to top 5.17%, quite a move considering two weeks ago it was below 4.8% and at one point in August, it was below 4.6%.

"Something always breaks," proclaimed a recent note from John Roque, head of technical analysis at 22V Research.

Roque pointed out on a chart of the 10-year Treasury yield going back the last five decades 16 instances where it experienced a rapid advance like it is now. During each and every move, some sort of financial calamity resulted. While the scale of the crises varied in their market impact (from the jarring-but-short-lived Silicon Valley Bank failure of 2023 to the 1987 stock market crash), the jump in yields almost always led to some sort of disruption to financial markets that weighed on risk assets.

"As sure as day follows night, when the 10-year Treasury yield rises, something gets knocked out," Roque remarked to CNBC. "It just pays to be cautious."

The 10-year Treasury yield is a benchmark for borrowing costs across the economy. Everything from mortgage rates to sophisticated hedge fund trades can become contingent on a stable 10-year yield. When it soars quickly, it can unravel risky plans by companies or investors that were counting on a stable borrowing rate.

What will crack this time around? It's usually not evident until it is too late and it is not always directly related to borrowing costs on the surface. The Dotcom Bubble burst was because of a multitude of reasons, mostly unrealistic valuations for many tech businesses earning zero profits. But higher rates played their part. During the housing crisis, rising rates directly exposed the lax lending standards by banks as borrowers using floating-rate debt increasingly couldn't pay.

This time around, traders often cite the booming (and opaque) private credit market and AI datacenter plans funded too much by debt — some of it off balance sheet — as likely breaking points.

## Watch the regional banks

Regional banks will be particularly important to pay attention to this time around, Roque believes, as they must perform well for the market to maintain its footing, he said. The State Street SPDR S&P Regional Banking ETF (KRE) has already fallen nearly 10% below its recent high, just a hair away from correction territory. Looking at the past mishaps sparked by high rates, the banking sector is typically punished the hardest.

"It is incumbent that the regional banks especially remain firm or have a minimal or not problematic decline," he said. "If regional banks continue to go down, and then of course banks in general, you cannot have a strong market. You cannot."

Cracks are also starting to show in utilities and homebuilders, the analyst pointed out. In the past week alone, the S&P 500 utilities sector has fallen more than 4%, becoming far and away the biggest laggard out of the index's 11 groups.

"It's taken some work for the bond market to do to convince people that rates are rising because we collectively have been conditioned to believe that rate rises are only temporary, but I think that this is different," Roque said. "This is a secular rate rise for bond yields and a secular bond bear market."

"We should be prepared or forewarned that rates are rising and something is going to break," he stressed.

JPMorgan's trading desk in a Thursday note that investors should "keep an eye on bond [volatility]," because that is usually a "bigger" headwind to stocks than their absolute levels.