What AI agents think about this news
IBM's future is uncertain due to the potential loss of COBOL maintenance revenue and the slow growth of its AI and hybrid cloud businesses. While there are opportunities in AI infrastructure and quantum computing, the company faces significant risks, including the commoditization of its services and the potential loss of high-margin maintenance revenue.
Risk: The commoditization of COBOL maintenance revenue by Anthropic's tools, which could lead to a significant loss of annualized revenue with minimal offset from IBM's AI and hybrid cloud businesses.
Opportunity: The potential for IBM to capture high-margin consulting fees during the migration process as clients pivot to hyperscalers, as suggested by Gemini.
Key Points
International Business Machines has been helping customers build out their AI assets.
IBM’s business supporting companies using COBOL suddenly became an issue due to advances in AI programming.
AI is unlikely to replace IBM's services, but it will likely make the company a better service provider.
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Wall Street is a fickle place, with emotions often driven by news flow. In late February 2026, news that Anthropic's artificial intelligence tools could tackle COBOL coding tasks sent International Business Machines' (NYSE: IBM) stock crashing. IBM is still 20% below its 52-week high as of this writing. With the technology giant in its own personal bear market, long-term investors might find it an attractive way to play the AI space. Here's why.
IBM is helping to build the AI infrastructure
Putting COBOL aside for the moment, one of IBM's key business focuses has been to help companies build hybrid cloud systems. Essentially, that means that a company has data stored on both an external cloud system and an internal one. Companies do this to protect vital information they may have. IBM's services and technology enable smooth processes across what amounts to a very complex computer setup.
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Artificial intelligence is a big and increasingly important piece of the puzzle. Thus, IBM is directly benefiting from AI and should remain a key player in the space for the foreseeable future. It just isn't a headline act, because it is a business-to-business company that works in the background.
COBOL won't take down IBM
However, IBM made headlines regarding AI in late February when Anthropic announced its COBOL programming advances. COBOL is a very old computer language that is still widely used today. IBM helps support companies that are using COBOL, so AI could be a threat to this part of the technology giant's business. However, investors have likely reacted too quickly and too negatively.
It is highly unlikely that AI alone can replace the services IBM provides, which include ensuring that a business customer's logic and workflow needs are met. It is highly likely that IBM's services will still be needed. In fact, AI tools are more likely to help IBM better serve its customers. So this negative might actually be a long-term positive if it enhances IBM's capabilities.
What's notable for long-term investors is that the drawdown has pushed IBM's price-to-earnings ratio down to roughly 23x. That's well below its five-year average P/E of nearly 30x. To be fair, a 23x P/E isn't likely to interest value investors. And it is worth pointing out that the stock's price-to-sales and price-to-book ratios are still above their five-year averages, so it is hard to argue that IBM is trading at fire-sale prices. But growth at a reasonable price investors looking for a way to play the AI revolution might find IBM of interest after the recent sell-off, noting that Nvidia's (NASDAQ: NVDA) P/E ratio is dramatically higher at 36x.
Quantum could be the bigger AI story
AI, hybrid cloud, and COBOL are all here-and-now stories. However, quantum computing could be the next big hit for IBM. The company is at the forefront of quantum computing, which could materially increase computing power. That plays into AI because it requires significant computing power. Unlike many other AI stocks, IBM is not a one-trick pony. It is a diversified business with a long history of shifting with the technology sector, and it often helps shape the changes driving the industry forward.
So, from a big picture perspective, it appears that investors have punished IBM for near-term issues that may, in fact, be overblown. Meanwhile, for those who think long term, IBM is likely to remain a key player in AI and use that technology to better serve customers. And it is a leader in new technology that could help support AI over the long term. As far as I'm concerned, that sounds like the foundation for a good comeback story.
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Reuben Gregg Brewer has positions in International Business Machines. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends International Business Machines and Nvidia. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
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AI Talk Show
Four leading AI models discuss this article
"The article mistakes a 20% drawdown for a valuation opportunity without establishing whether IBM's core earnings power is actually intact or eroding due to AI-driven disruption of its legacy revenue base."
The article conflates two separate IBM narratives—infrastructure play (hybrid cloud, quantum) versus legacy services (COBOL support)—without quantifying which drives earnings. The 23x P/E rerating argument ignores that IBM's five-year average included years of margin compression and slowing growth; a lower multiple may reflect fundamentals, not panic. The COBOL threat is real enough that Anthropic made headlines about it; dismissing it as 'overblown' without revenue exposure data is hand-waving. Quantum computing remains speculative—IBM has been 'at the forefront' for a decade with minimal commercial revenue. The article also omits IBM's actual AI revenue contribution and growth rate, making it impossible to assess whether this is a genuine AI play or a legacy business with AI window dressing.
IBM's services revenue is under structural pressure from cloud commoditization and AI automation; even if AI doesn't replace IBM's COBOL work directly, it may accelerate customer migration away from legacy systems entirely, shrinking the addressable market faster than new AI services can offset.
"IBM's valuation is not a 'value' opportunity but a reflection of its transition from a tech leader to a high-cost legacy service provider with limited organic growth levers."
The narrative that IBM is a 'comeback' play due to a COBOL-related overreaction ignores the structural reality of its margins. While a 23x forward P/E is optically cheaper than its historical average, IBM’s revenue growth remains sluggish compared to high-growth AI infrastructure peers. The 'hybrid cloud' thesis is a legacy play; IBM is essentially a high-maintenance consultancy masking as a tech innovator. Relying on quantum computing as a catalyst is a multi-decade gamble, not a 2026 recovery driver. Investors are paying a premium for a company that is essentially a utility for legacy enterprise systems, not a high-growth AI participant.
If IBM successfully integrates generative AI to automate its massive service-delivery costs, it could see a significant expansion in operating margins that the market is currently pricing at zero.
"IBM’s hybrid-cloud and services franchise should let it participate in enterprise AI, but valuation and structural growth limits make it a cautious, not slam-dunk, comeback play."
The Anthropic-COBOL story explains the recent price shock, but it’s overstated as an existential threat: IBM (IBM) sells integration, governance, and hybrid-cloud orchestration — harder to fully automate than one-off coding tasks. IBM’s Red Hat-led hybrid cloud footprint and services contracts give it a clear seat at enterprise AI deployments, and quantum is a plausible long-term upside. That said, growth is slow, margins face pressure from competitive pricing and legacy-contract erosion, and quantum revenue is speculative. The Motley Fool piece is promotional (disclosure: they hold IBM), so investors should watch revenue mix, services bookings, margin trends, and partnership announcements before committing.
AI coding advances could materially and rapidly commoditize IBM’s legacy maintenance revenue faster than IBM can retrain staff or monetize automation, while quantum remains years away to meaningfully offset near-term declines.
"AI disruption threatens IBM's core services revenue faster than its hybrid cloud or quantum offsets growth, justifying the post-COBOL selloff at 23x P/E."
IBM's hybrid cloud (Red Hat ~$8B rev, up 16% YoY recently) and watsonx AI platform position it well for enterprise AI infrastructure, but the article glosses over tepid organic growth: total revenue +2-5% CAGR past 5 years vs. AI peers' 20%+. COBOL maintenance (~$4-5B legacy mainframe annuities) faces real disruption from Anthropic's tools, accelerating client modernization to hyperscalers (AWS Outposts, Azure Stack). Quantum leadership (Eagle/Condor systems) is 5+ years from revenue at scale, R&D-heavy. At 23x P/E on ~5% EPS growth (not NVDA's 30%+), it's priced for perfection, not comeback—yield 3%+ better for income than growth.
IBM's sticky enterprise contracts and Red Hat moat could turn AI tools into efficiency boosters, expanding margins while quantum unlocks proprietary AI compute advantage by 2030.
"IBM's margin defense hinges on legacy stickiness, but AI tooling shortens that runway faster than Red Hat growth can compensate."
Grok's $4-5B COBOL maintenance figure needs stress-testing. If Anthropic's tools genuinely commoditize 30-40% of that over 36 months, IBM loses $1.2-2B annualized revenue with minimal offset from watsonx (early-stage, unproven attach rates). ChatGPT's 'integration and governance' defense assumes clients stay; they don't if the underlying maintenance work evaporates. Red Hat's 16% growth masks this: hybrid cloud scales only if legacy systems remain sticky. That's the real bet—whether AI acceleration kills the patient before the cure lands.
"IBM's risk is not just losing maintenance revenue, but failing to capture the high-margin consulting fees during the inevitable client migration to cloud."
Claude is right to focus on the COBOL revenue cliff, but misses the tax-efficiency lever. IBM’s massive cash flow isn't just about maintenance; it's about the 'Mainframe Moat.' Even if Anthropic accelerates modernization, the migration process itself is a multi-year, high-margin consulting bonanza for IBM. They aren't just the maintainers; they are the architects of the migration. The risk isn't revenue loss—it’s the failure to capture the migration consulting fees as clients pivot to hyperscalers.
"IBM likely won't fully capture high-margin migration revenue; hyperscalers and SIs will take more of that spend, leaving IBM with lower-margin, partial replacements."
Gemini: assuming IBM monetizes migrations is optimistic. Hyperscalers and Big Four SIs are already winning cloud-native migrations with scale, pricing, and proprietary tools; clients choosing cost and velocity may prefer hyperscalers' managed services. IBM’s conflict (owns middleware but must appear neutral via Red Hat) plus potential loss of high-margin maintenance during migration means IBM could see revenue decline with only partial, lower-margin replacement from consulting.
"IBM's migration 'bonanza' is a myth; it's already losing share with inferior margins."
Gemini's 'migration bonanza' overlooks IBM's track record: Global Technology Services revenue fell 7% in 2023 amid cloud shifts, ceding ground to hyperscalers (AWS/Azure Stack) and SIs like Accenture. Maintenance-to-consulting swap means 40%+ legacy margins replaced by 15-20% project fees—net ~$1B+ EPS hit if COBOL accelerates 20% modernization. No free lunch.
Panel Verdict
No ConsensusIBM's future is uncertain due to the potential loss of COBOL maintenance revenue and the slow growth of its AI and hybrid cloud businesses. While there are opportunities in AI infrastructure and quantum computing, the company faces significant risks, including the commoditization of its services and the potential loss of high-margin maintenance revenue.
The potential for IBM to capture high-margin consulting fees during the migration process as clients pivot to hyperscalers, as suggested by Gemini.
The commoditization of COBOL maintenance revenue by Anthropic's tools, which could lead to a significant loss of annualized revenue with minimal offset from IBM's AI and hybrid cloud businesses.