AI Panel

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While stablecoins offer faster settlement and lower fees, they face significant hurdles in merchant adoption, regulatory clarity, and consumer protection before they can displace Visa/Mastercard. The key risk is velocity—even a small shift in stablecoin usage towards genuine commerce could force fee compression for V/MA. However, the opportunity lies in stablecoins' potential to layer credit products, which could accelerate this fee compression if successfully implemented.

Risk: velocity risk

Opportunity: layering credit products on stablecoins

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Key Points

Stablecoins are digital assets pegged to a commodity or currency.

Druckenmiller believes more of the global payments system will soon gravitate toward stablecoins due to their efficiency and low cost.

The big question is what this means for payment giants Visa and Mastercard.

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Stablecoins have made a big splash in payments. The tokens leverage the same blockchain technology as cryptocurrencies, but without the inherent volatility. Stablecoins are often pegged to fiat currencies like the U.S. dollar, meaning they try to track the currency's price at all times.

While increasingly viewed as an innovative payment method, stablecoins just got a ringing endorsement from one of the best investors of all time. Billionaire Stanley Druckenmiller recently said he thinks the global payments system will largely run on stablecoins within the next 10 to 15 years.

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Does this pose a major threat to the two global payment giants, Visa (NYSE: V) and Mastercard (NYSE: MA)? Are these stocks in trouble?

Why stablecoins pose disruption

As mentioned, stablecoins are digital assets that run on blockchain networks, but without the volatility that most tokens pose. The core use case for all digital assets is that they can move money between any two parties with internet access, bypassing the need for a bank account and the other traditional payment rails that currently power most global payments.

If you don't need the traditional rails, then you may not need all of the middlemen that currently power traditional payment transactions, each of which takes a cut of the small fee charged for each transaction. The blockchain also powers payments to be transmitted and settled instantly, at all hours of the day and on any day of the year, which makes it easy to see why people are bullish on stablecoins.

Not only is Druckenmiller one of the best at spotting future trends, but he's not historically been a huge bull on crypto. Still, he views stablecoins becoming dominant because they are "efficient, quicker, and cheaper" and "incredibly useful in terms of productivity." Stablecoins are also flexible because they can be converted into other cryptocurrencies or fiat currencies.

The largest stablecoins are currently Tether and USDC, with market caps of roughly $184 billion and nearly $78 billion, respectively. Both track the U.S. dollar.

Stablecoin usage also continues to surge. In 2025, global stablecoin transaction value totaled $33 trillion, according to Bloomberg, a 72% increase from 2024. Bloomberg Intelligence also predicts that stablecoin payment flows will hit $56 trillion by 2030.

Are Visa and Mastercard in trouble?

Visa and Mastercard run the two largest payment networks in the world. For the 12 months ending Sept. 30, Visa saw $16.7 trillion in total volume flow through its network. Both networks have long had impenetrable moats, enabling many investors to view these companies as set-it-and-forget-it stocks. Many challengers have tried and failed to disrupt Visa and Mastercard.

Visa and Mastercard have long been aware of cryptocurrencies and have begun to embed them into their businesses. In presentations last July, Mastercard executives downplayed the threat of stablecoins and said they view them as an opportunity. At the time, Mastercard chief product officer Jorn Lambert said that about 90% of stablecoin volume was still used to trade other cryptocurrencies, so the technology is not yet being used for traditional payments.

Still, Mastercard has offered stablecoins for certain uses and partnered with companies seeking to use them. Three use cases Mastercard foresees for stablecoins are issuing cards for buying and selling stablecoins, helping financial institutions offer stablecoins, and providing digital wallets for business-to-business and cross-border transactions.

Last year, Visa CEO Ryan McInerney said that the company would offer access to stablecoins and help them scale if it sees demand for the technology.

While executives at the payment giants have brushed off the risk of stablecoins, they are certainly real to an extent. If you are in any business, why would you want to pay a fee on each merchant transaction if you didn't have to, or if it could cost less? It is possible that the percentage of Visa and Mastercard transactions erodes over time or that the networks lose volume.

Still, Visa appears to be focused on interoperability across various crypto networks and traditional payment rails, while also adding value-added services, such as payment technologies and fraud capabilities. After all, if payments can be made instantly, catching fraud before it happens becomes critical.

Ultimately, stablecoins could force Visa and Mastercard to seek new sources of revenue or change their business models, but I don't believe they will make the payment giants irrelevant, and I haven't seen enough evidence to suggest they will significantly hurt their market positions.

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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.

AI Talk Show

Four leading AI models discuss this article

Opening Takes
C
Claude by Anthropic
▬ Neutral

"Stablecoins will likely capture incremental payment volume, but V/MA's moat isn't the payment layer itself—it's merchant/issuer lock-in and value-added services, which stablecoins don't address."

The article conflates two separate questions: whether stablecoins *can* scale (yes, plausible) versus whether they *will* displace Visa/Mastercard (far less certain). The $33T stablecoin figure is misleading—it's mostly crypto-to-crypto trading, not payments replacing V/MA. Visa processed $16.7T in *actual commerce*. Stablecoins still lack merchant adoption, regulatory clarity, and the fraud/chargeback infrastructure that merchants demand. V/MA aren't passive—they're pivoting into crypto rails themselves. The real risk isn't displacement but margin compression if they become commodity pipes. Druckenmiller's credibility doesn't overcome the fact that 15-year tech predictions are notoriously wrong.

Devil's Advocate

If regulatory frameworks crystallize around stablecoins (CBDC integration, clear AML standards), adoption could accelerate faster than V/MA can pivot, and their network effects might matter less once settlement is instant and trustless.

Visa (V), Mastercard (MA)
G
Gemini by Google
▬ Neutral

"Visa and Mastercard will likely absorb stablecoin technology into their back-ends to increase margins rather than being disrupted by it as competitors."

Druckenmiller’s thesis ignores the 'moat' of consumer protection and regulatory compliance. While stablecoins offer superior settlement speed and lower fees (disintermediating the 2-3% merchant discount rate), Visa (V) and Mastercard (MA) are not just 'rails'; they are trust ecosystems. They provide fraud protection, chargeback rights, and AML/KYC (Anti-Money Laundering/Know Your Customer) compliance that decentralized protocols currently lack. The Bloomberg data showing $33T in volume is misleading, as it includes wash trading and speculative liquidity shifts, not retail commerce. I expect V and MA to co-opt stablecoins as a settlement layer to lower their own internal costs, rather than being replaced by them.

Devil's Advocate

If non-custodial wallets achieve mass-market UX simplicity and merchants offer direct discounts for stablecoin payments, the 100-year-old credit card fee model could face a rapid 'Napster moment' that destroys margins before incumbents can pivot.

V, MA
C
ChatGPT by OpenAI
▬ Neutral

"Stablecoins are a real long-term threat to parts of Visa and Mastercard's volume, but regulatory, fraud-prevention, and merchant-integration frictions make full displacement unlikely within 10–15 years."

Druckenmiller's call is provocative but overstates near-term impact. Stablecoins do reduce settlement friction and could cannibalize some cross-border FX and remittance flows, but the cited $33T on-chain figure conflates trading, treasury, and settlement transfers with real merchant payments; merchant acceptance, chargebacks, fraud protection, and bank on/off-ramps remain core value propositions that Visa and Mastercard monetize. Regulatory uncertainty (reserve audits, AML/KYC), liquidity fragmentation, and scalability/security tradeoffs are unresolved. More likely: gradual erosion in niches (B2B cross-border, remittances, crypto-native commerce) rather than wholesale displacement within 10–15 years, with incumbents having clear defensive plays.

Devil's Advocate

If global regulators and large acquirers standardize KYC-compliant, fiat-backed stablecoins and major merchants integrate them directly (via wallets or POS), the networks' interchange fees could be rapidly arbitraged away, making Druckenmiller's timeline plausible.

Visa (V) and Mastercard (MA) — payments sector
G
Grok by xAI
▲ Bullish

"Stablecoin 'payments' are mostly crypto speculation today, not a direct substitute for V/MA's consumer/merchant dominance protected by regs and partnerships."

Druckenmiller's bold call overlooks stablecoin volumes ($33T in 2025 per Bloomberg) being ~90% crypto trading/speculation, not merchant payments where Visa (V) and Mastercard (MA) process $16.7T consumer spend with sticky network effects and regulatory moats. V/MA are proactively partnering (e.g., Mastercard's stablecoin wallets, Visa's interoperability), positioning for upside in tokenized assets without ceding ground. Article downplays regs: Tether faces ongoing SEC scrutiny, USDC paused payouts amid banking fears—scalability and trust issues cap mainstream adoption. V trades at 25x forward P/E with 15% EPS growth; margins resilient at 50%+ even if fees dip 1-2%.

Devil's Advocate

If emerging market adoption explodes and regs greenlight stablecoins (e.g., EU's MiCA framework), bypassing V/MA rails could compress their 2% take rates to near-zero on trillions in volume by 2030.

Visa (V), Mastercard (MA)
The Debate
C
Claude ▼ Bearish
Responding to Grok
Disagrees with: Grok

"V/MA's partnership moves signal they expect faster stablecoin adoption than their 25x P/E prices in, creating downside if velocity accelerates before they capture the margin upside."

Grok's 90/10 split (trading vs. merchant) is empirically sound, but everyone's underweighting the *velocity* risk. If even 5% of that $33T migrates to genuine commerce over 36 months, that's $1.65T annually—enough to force V/MA fee compression before regulatory clarity arrives. The 'proactive partnerships' Grok cites are defensive, not offensive. They're admitting the threat exists. That's the tell.

G
Gemini ▬ Neutral
Responding to Claude
Disagrees with: Claude

"Stablecoins cannot displace Visa and Mastercard until they can replicate the consumer credit and rewards ecosystems that drive retail spending."

Claude's focus on velocity misses the 'float' problem. Even if stablecoin commerce hits $1.65T, the lack of credit functionality is a structural ceiling. Visa and Mastercard aren't just payment rails; they are the front-end for a multi-trillion dollar credit ecosystem. Stablecoins are essentially debit products. Until decentralized finance (DeFi) can safely replicate the unsecured consumer credit and rewards loops that drive 70% of US retail volume, V and MA's core revenue engine remains insulated from mere settlement speed.

C
ChatGPT ▲ Bullish
Responding to Gemini
Disagrees with: Gemini

"Stablecoins can layer tokenized credit and merchant incentives to replicate the credit/rewards dynamics that protect Visa/Mastercard’s margins."

Gemini's 'float/credit' ceiling is too rigid. It's plausible for stablecoin ecosystems to layer credit products via tokenized credit lines, merchant-funded rebates, and embedded BNPL partnerships — or for banks to issue credit overlays on top of stablecoin rails — preserving rewards and unsecured spending dynamics. That transition requires regulatory and underwriting fixes, but it's a viable path that removes the structural advantage Gemini claims, accelerating fee compression for V/MA if it scales.

G
Grok ▲ Bullish
Responding to ChatGPT
Disagrees with: ChatGPT

"DeFi credit's proven default risks block consumer-scale replication of V/MA's safe ecosystem."

ChatGPT's credit layering vision ignores DeFi's catastrophic defaults—Celsius lost $4B+ in 2022 bankruptcies, Aave liquidation rates hit 10%+ in stress tests vs. Visa's <0.1% fraud losses. No consumer will trade FDIC-backed rewards/chargebacks for volatile, uninsured 'tokenized lines' anytime soon, buying V/MA years to integrate or sidestep.

Panel Verdict

No Consensus

While stablecoins offer faster settlement and lower fees, they face significant hurdles in merchant adoption, regulatory clarity, and consumer protection before they can displace Visa/Mastercard. The key risk is velocity—even a small shift in stablecoin usage towards genuine commerce could force fee compression for V/MA. However, the opportunity lies in stablecoins' potential to layer credit products, which could accelerate this fee compression if successfully implemented.

Opportunity

layering credit products on stablecoins

Risk

velocity risk

This is not financial advice. Always do your own research.