Who is Alejandro Betancourt, colourful oil baron behind US-Venezuela oil deal?

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President Donald Trump has called the deal granting the US control of strategic Venezuelan oil fields "the biggest in history".

North American Blue Energy Partners (Nabep), a company little known outside the South American country, will oversee the production and sale of 17 oil fields containing about 65bn barrels of crude.

The agreement has raised eyebrows to say the least.

And at the heart of it is Alejandro Betancourt López, the Venezuelan oil baron who heads the Barbados-registered firm.

The 46-year-old has a history of doing business with the Venezuelan government since the time of the late President Hugo Chávez.

But he has also found himself under investigation in five different countries. He has previously denied wrongdoing and has never been convicted of a crime.

So who is the fixer picked to deliver on Trump's oil abundance plan?

The 'bolichicos'

Leopoldo Alejandro Betancourt López was born in the Venezuelan capital of Caracas in February 1980 into a middle-class family.

A graduate of Suffolk University in Boston, Massachusetts, he is estimated to be worth around $2.6bn (£1.9bn).

Although his CV attributes his success to his "entrepreneurial spirit", Venezuelan journalists who have followed his career maintain that it all began with the connections he made in the classrooms of the Instituto Cumbres de Caracas, a private religious school in the Venezuelan capital.

Venezuelan journalist Alek Boyd, who has been tracking Betancourt since 2011, said that the businessman became a close school friend of Javier Alvarado Pardi, the son of the man who would later become president of Electricidad de Caracas, vice-minister of energy, and an executive at Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) – the state-run oil company.

"In 2009, at the height of the electricity crisis, Alvarado introduced Betancourt and his partners to his father and assured him they could solve the problem… despite having no experience in the electricity sector," said Boyd.

Around that time, Derwick Associates, the engineering firm that Betancourt founded with a cousin, received 12 government contracts, awarded without bidding, for a total of $5bn.

Shortly afterwards, he and other young entrepreneurs doing business with the Venezuelan government were nicknamed "bolichicos", a slang term combining the words Bolivarian – referring to Chavez's socialist revolution - and chico, meaning boy.

Betancourt's lawyer rejects the label.

"It's a term coined by the media, used to describe a group of young people whose only commonality is their success," Jon Sale, the businessman's lawyer in the US, told BBC News Mundo.

Derwick Associates claimed to have completed all of its electrification projects.

The empire grows, and so do the problems

But anti-corruption organisations such as Transparency Venezuela and the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project allege that several projects were either not finished or were carried out incorrectly.

A 2018 report by Transparency Venezuela estimated that 11 of the projects awarded to Derwick should have cost $2.1bn. If accurate, this would mean the government would have overpaid by 138%.

Betancourt's legal team has previously rejected the accusations of overbilling as politically motivated attempted smears.

Despite criticism, Venezuelan authorities soon allowed Derwick to venture into the oil industry.

But Betancourt's business activities have not been limited exclusively to Venezuela.

In the mid-2010s, he began his international expansion by acquiring a stake in the Spanish sunglasses company Hawkers, becoming its majority shareholder and president in 2016.

He also acquired banking entities in Switzerland and Africa.

Today, Betancourt's business network encompasses some 50 companies distributed across 16 countries, according to investigations by Transparency Venezuela.

In 2013, the former US ambassador to Venezuela, Otto Reich, filed a lawsuit in an American court against Betancourt and two of his associates for "paying large sums to [Venezuelan] public officials in exchange for awarding them contracts".

The diplomat's lawsuit was dismissed five years later, but the businessman's legal troubles did not disappear.

In recent years, judicial authorities in Spain, Switzerland, Andorra and the US have opened investigations against Betancourt and other "bolichicos" for their alleged involvement in various corruption schemes related to PDVSA.

He has not been charged and has denied any wrongdoing.

In 2025, the businessman again made headlines when he was detained twice by British police in London, where he had settled in recent years.

A few days later, Spanish authorities raided Alamín Castle, a palatial estate that Betancourt owned in the province of Toledo.

Both swoops were reportedly linked to an investigation into alleged money laundering initiated by the Swiss public prosecutor's office.

Regarding these allegations, Betancourt's lawyer suggested he was being targeted because of his associations with the other young, brash Venezuelan businessmen.

"This is a group of very successful young entrepreneurs... some have broken the law and others haven't, but they've all been lumped together," Sale, the attorney, told BBC News Mundo.

So why did the US choose Betancourt as a partner?

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, in an interview with Venezuelan journalist Sergio Novelli, gave three reasons.

"He has a track record of being able to produce oil," he stated first.

Some experts claim that Nabep currently produces around 180,000 barrels of crude per day, just behind Chevron's more than 200,000.

But others question the accuracy of these figures.

Rubio went on to point out that Betancourt was not currently being investigated by the US.

Finally, Rubio offered a third reason: "He is an individual who strongly supported the opposition."

Unlike others who prospered economically under Chávez, Betancourt and his associates didn't seem to identify ideologically with the late president's movement.

"They simply saw a business opportunity and took advantage of it," Batiz said.

And when the winds shifted, Betancourt shifted with them, forging a relationship with opposition leader Juan Guaidó, during Trump's first term.

That connection helped him make inroads with US officials like Mauricio Claver-Carone, the former US Special Envoy for Latin America, and other figures close to Trump, such as former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani, according to Boyd, the Venezuelan journalist.

But when he was involved in a failed attempt to oust Nicolás Maduro in 2019, the then-Venezuelan president retaliated against him, removing him from the oil business and forcing him to live between Madrid and London.

The contacts Betancourt established with the US were reportedly crucial in easing the legal pressure against him in late 2025.

Right place, right time

According to the Washington Post, US authorities urged Switzerland to drop its extradition request against the businessman before the British courts.

The request was granted by the Swiss authorities, and last May a London court lifted the travel ban placed upon him.

"Switzerland did not present the evidence requested by the English judges to support its extradition request, and therefore the travel ban was lifted," Betancourt's lawyer told BBC News Mundo, while acknowledging this does not necessarily mean the end of the Swiss investigations.

According to Axios, in the first minutes after the military operation on 3 January that concluded with US forces seizing Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores, Betancourt spoke with then-Vice-President Delcy Rodríguez and convinced her to speak with Rubio.

This version was corroborated by his lawyer.

"He acted as an intermediary," said Sale. "He had nothing to do with Maduro's departure, but since he had everyone's trust, he became an intermediary."

On Wednesday, Delcy Rodríguez, now interim president of Venezuela, defended Betancourt, saying he has no pending cases in that country or the US.

"Often a person is judged in the media before in the courts," she said in the oil baron's defence.

For those who have followed Betancourt's career for years, one thing is clear.

"He's very skillful," Boyd concluded.

"He always manages to be where he needs to be to avoid problems and make money."