Biff Bowman
Insider
First SEC filing: June 3, 2026 · Latest: June 3, 2026
Insider at
Insider transactions
0 buys (P)
0 sells (S)
Net: $0
Price change vs current quote, split-adjusted for corporate actions since the filing — not benchmarked, not annualized, not size-weighted
| Date | Ticker | Code | Shares | Price | Value | Owned after | Δ own | A/D | vs now |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 1, 2026 | FIBK | A | 4,353 | · | · | 24,035 Direct | +22.12% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 21, 2026 | VOYA | A | 2,062 | $82.42 | $169,950 | 8,829 Direct | +30.47% | Acquired | 17.3% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| June 1, 2025 | FIBK | A | 4,788 | · | · | 19,682 Direct | +32.15% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 22, 2025 | VOYA | A | 2,547 | $66.72 | $169,936 | 6,767 Direct | +60.36% | Acquired | 44.9% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| June 1, 2024 | FIBK | A | 6,781 | · | · | 14,894 Direct | +83.58% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 23, 2024 | VOYA | A | 2,055 | $73.00 | $150,015 | 4,220 Direct | +94.92% | Acquired | 32.4% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| June 1, 2023 | FIBK | A | 4,534 | · | · | 8,113 Direct | +126.68% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 25, 2023 | VOYA | A | 2,165 | $69.29 | $150,013 | 2,692 Direct | +410.82% | Acquired | 39.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 25, 2023 | VOYA | M | 527 | · | · | 2,164 Direct | -19.58% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 25, 2023 | VOYA | M | 527 | $69.29 | $36,516 | 527 Direct | · | Acquired | 39.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| March 22, 2023 | VOYA | A | 527 | $66.41 | $34,998 | 527 Direct | · | Acquired | 45.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| June 1, 2022 | FIBK | A | 1,576 | $38.07 | $59,998 | 3,579 Direct | +78.68% | Acquired | -5.4% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| June 1, 2021 | FIBK | A | 1,646 | $47.07 | $77,477 | 2,003 Direct | +461.06% | Acquired | -23.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| March 2, 2021 | FIBK | A | 357 | $45.42 | $16,215 | 357 Direct | · | Acquired | -20.7% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Dec. 12, 2019 | NTRSO | F | 352 | $108.68 | $38,255 | 74,628 Direct | -0.47% | Disposed | -83.3% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 22, 2019 | NTRSO | S | 13,208 | $106.53 | $1,407,048 | 74,980 Direct | -14.98% | Disposed | -82.9% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 22, 2019 | NTRSO | G | 329 | · | · | 88,188 Direct | -0.37% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Oct. 31, 2019 | NTRSO | G | 2,489 | · | · | 88,517 Direct | -2.73% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Aug. 2, 2019 | NTRSO | M | 25,867 | · | · | 8,622 Direct | -75.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Aug. 2, 2019 | NTRSO | M | 20,337 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Aug. 2, 2019 | NTRSO | S | 298 | $93.36 | $27,821 | 91,006 Direct | -0.33% | Disposed | -80.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Aug. 2, 2019 | NTRSO | S | 45,906 | $92.81 | $4,260,536 | 91,304 Direct | -33.46% | Disposed | -80.4% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Aug. 2, 2019 | NTRSO | M | 25,867 | $58.25 | $1,506,753 | 137,210 Direct | +23.23% | Acquired | -68.8% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Aug. 2, 2019 | NTRSO | M | 20,337 | $60.85 | $1,237,506 | 111,343 Direct | +22.35% | Acquired | -70.1% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| March 1, 2019 | NTRSO | F | 707 | $93.49 | $66,097 | 91,006 Direct | -0.77% | Disposed | -80.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 19, 2019 | NTRSO | A | 8,694 | · | · | 91,713 Direct | +10.47% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 19, 2019 | NTRSO | F | 1,578 | $92.83 | $146,486 | 83,019 Direct | -1.87% | Disposed | -80.4% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 19, 2019 | NTRSO | F | 2,140 | $92.83 | $198,656 | 84,597 Direct | -2.47% | Disposed | -80.4% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Jan. 22, 2019 | NTRSO | F | 8,135 | $90.42 | $735,567 | 86,737 Direct | -8.57% | Disposed | -79.9% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Jan. 22, 2019 | NTRSO | A | 21,979 | · | · | 94,872 Direct | +30.15% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Dec. 7, 2018 | NTRSO | F | 518 | $90.36 | $46,806 | 72,893 Direct | -0.71% | Disposed | -79.9% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Aug. 9, 2018 | NTRSO | M | 21,352 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Aug. 9, 2018 | NTRSO | S | 21,352 | $111.11 | $2,372,421 | 73,411 Direct | -22.53% | Disposed | -83.6% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Aug. 9, 2018 | NTRSO | M | 21,352 | $52.69 | $1,125,037 | 94,763 Direct | +29.09% | Acquired | -65.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 17, 2018 | NTRSO | G | 1,390 | · | · | 73,411 Direct | -1.86% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 27, 2018 | NTRSO | S | 13,811 | $108.53 | $1,498,908 | 74,801 Direct | -15.59% | Disposed | -83.2% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 20, 2018 | NTRSO | A | 7,019 | · | · | 88,612 Direct | +8.60% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 20, 2018 | NTRSO | F | 1,578 | $105.15 | $165,927 | 81,593 Direct | -1.90% | Disposed | -82.7% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 12, 2018 | NTRSO | F | 1,502 | $98.88 | $148,518 | 83,171 Direct | -1.77% | Disposed | -81.6% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Jan. 23, 2018 | NTRSO | F | 5,968 | $106.71 | $636,845 | 84,673 Direct | -6.58% | Disposed | -82.9% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Jan. 23, 2018 | NTRSO | A | 15,909 | $106.71 | $1,697,649 | 90,641 Direct | +21.29% | Acquired | -82.9% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Oct. 24, 2017 | NTRSO | G | 633 | · | · | 74,732 Direct | -0.84% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| April 27, 2017 | NTRSO | M | 11,399 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| April 27, 2017 | NTRSO | M | 11,768 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| April 27, 2017 | NTRSO | S | 23,167 | $91.77 | $2,126,036 | 75,365 Direct | -23.51% | Disposed | -80.2% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| April 27, 2017 | NTRSO | M | 11,399 | $52.64 | $600,043 | 98,532 Direct | +13.08% | Acquired | -65.4% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| April 27, 2017 | NTRSO | M | 11,768 | $50.99 | $600,050 | 87,133 Direct | +15.61% | Acquired | -64.3% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 21, 2017 | NTRSO | A | 26,132 | · | · | 26,132 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 21, 2017 | NTRSO | A | 5,749 | · | · | 75,365 Direct | +8.26% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 11, 2017 | NTRSO | F | 1,627 | $86.30 | $140,410 | 69,616 Direct | -2.28% | Disposed | -78.9% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 10, 2017 | NTRSO | F | 1,550 | $85.66 | $132,773 | 71,243 Direct | -2.13% | Disposed | -78.8% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Jan. 17, 2017 | NTRSO | F | 5,017 | $88.92 | $446,112 | 72,793 Direct | -6.45% | Disposed | -79.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Jan. 17, 2017 | NTRSO | A | 14,453 | · | · | 77,810 Direct | +22.81% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 16, 2016 | NTRSO | M | 11,455 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 16, 2016 | NTRSO | M | 14,444 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 16, 2016 | NTRSO | S | 21,205 | $81.35 | $1,725,027 | 63,357 Direct | -25.08% | Disposed | -77.6% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 16, 2016 | NTRSO | S | 4,694 | $80.86 | $379,557 | 84,562 Direct | -5.26% | Disposed | -77.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 16, 2016 | NTRSO | M | 11,455 | $43.65 | $500,011 | 89,256 Direct | +14.72% | Acquired | -58.3% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 16, 2016 | NTRSO | M | 14,444 | $55.39 | $800,053 | 77,801 Direct | +22.80% | Acquired | -67.1% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 7, 2016 | NTRSO | M | 7,371 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 7, 2016 | NTRSO | S 10b5-1 | 7,371 | $74.00 | $545,454 | 63,357 Direct | -10.42% | Disposed | -75.4% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 7, 2016 | NTRSO | M | 7,371 | $71.23 | $525,036 | 70,728 Direct | +11.63% | Acquired | -74.4% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Oct. 27, 2016 | NTRSO | G | 780 | · | · | 63,357 Direct | -1.22% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Sept. 7, 2016 | NTRSO | M | 2,960 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Sept. 7, 2016 | NTRSO | S 10b5-1 | 2,960 | $70.00 | $207,200 | 64,137 Direct | -4.41% | Disposed | -74.0% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Sept. 7, 2016 | NTRSO | M | 2,960 | $63.36 | $187,546 | 67,097 Direct | +4.62% | Acquired | -71.3% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| April 22, 2016 | NTRSO | G | 209 | · | · | 64,137 Direct | -0.32% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 16, 2016 | NTRSO | A | 34,489 | · | · | 34,489 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 16, 2016 | NTRSO | A | 9,657 | · | · | 64,346 Direct | +17.66% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 16, 2016 | NTRSO | F | 1,745 | $58.08 | $101,350 | 54,689 Direct | -3.09% | Disposed | -68.7% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 11, 2016 | NTRSO | F | 1,471 | $55.16 | $81,140 | 56,434 Direct | -2.54% | Disposed | -67.0% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Jan. 19, 2016 | NTRSO | F | 4,495 | $64.43 | $289,613 | 57,905 Direct | -7.20% | Disposed | -71.8% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Jan. 19, 2016 | NTRSO | A | 14,235 | · | · | 62,400 Direct | +29.55% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Oct. 23, 2015 | NTRSO | G | 148 | · | · | 48,165 Direct | -0.31% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| April 22, 2015 | NTRSO | M | 2,959 | · | · | 2,960 Direct | -49.99% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| April 22, 2015 | NTRSO | S 10b5-1 | 2,959 | $72.95 | $215,859 | 48,313 Direct | -5.77% | Disposed | -75.1% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| April 22, 2015 | NTRSO | M | 2,959 | $63.36 | $187,482 | 51,272 Direct | +6.12% | Acquired | -71.3% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 17, 2015 | NTRSO | A | 23,739 | · | · | 23,739 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 17, 2015 | NTRSO | A | 7,122 | · | · | 48,313 Direct | +17.29% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 17, 2015 | NTRSO | F | 591 | $70.03 | $41,388 | 41,191 Direct | -1.41% | Disposed | -74.0% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2015 | NTRSO | F | 1,206 | $70.31 | $84,794 | 41,782 Direct | -2.81% | Disposed | -74.1% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Oct. 22, 2014 | NTRSO | F | 1,653 | $63.84 | $105,528 | 23,434 Direct | -6.59% | Disposed | -71.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Aug. 25, 2014 | NTRSO | M 10b5-1 | 3,023 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Aug. 25, 2014 | NTRSO | S 10b5-1 | 3,023 | $68.95 | $208,436 | 17,219 Direct | -14.93% | Disposed | -73.6% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Aug. 25, 2014 | NTRSO | M 10b5-1 | 3,023 | $52.10 | $157,498 | 20,242 Direct | +17.56% | Acquired | -65.1% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| July 24, 2014 | NTRSO | M 10b5-1 | 3,022 | · | · | 3,023 Direct | -49.99% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| July 24, 2014 | NTRSO | S 10b5-1 | 3,022 | $66.95 | $202,323 | 17,219 Direct | -14.93% | Disposed | -72.8% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| July 24, 2014 | NTRSO | M 10b5-1 | 3,022 | $52.10 | $157,446 | 20,241 Direct | +17.55% | Acquired | -65.1% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 19, 2014 | NTRSO | F | 634 | $62.02 | $39,321 | 27,422 Direct | -2.26% | Disposed | -70.7% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 18, 2014 | NTRSO | F | 642 | $62.07 | $39,849 | 29,383 Direct | -2.14% | Disposed | -70.7% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 10, 2014 | NTRSO | A | 20,337 | · | · | 20,337 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 10, 2014 | NTRSO | A | 6,779 | · | · | 31,283 Direct | +27.66% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Oct. 22, 2013 | NTRSO | F | 1,291 | $56.52 | $72,967 | 24,504 Direct | -5.00% | Disposed | -67.8% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Oct. 22, 2013 | NTRSO | F | 390 | $56.52 | $22,043 | 321 Direct | -54.85% | Disposed | -67.8% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 17, 2013 | NTRSO | M 10b5-1 | 6,000 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 17, 2013 | NTRSO | S 10b5-1 | 6,000 | $58.25 | $349,500 | 11,122 Direct | -35.04% | Disposed | -68.8% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 17, 2013 | NTRSO | M 10b5-1 | 6,000 | $44.46 | $266,760 | 17,122 Direct | +53.95% | Acquired | -59.1% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| March 5, 2013 | NTRSO | M 10b5-1 | 7,000 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| March 5, 2013 | NTRSO | S 10b5-1 | 7,000 | $54.00 | $378,000 | 11,122 Direct | -38.63% | Disposed | -66.3% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| March 5, 2013 | NTRSO | M 10b5-1 | 7,000 | $49.12 | $343,840 | 18,122 Direct | +62.94% | Acquired | -62.9% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
Showing latest 100 of 103 transactions
P = Open-market purchase · S = Sale · A = Grant/award · M = Option exercise · G = Gift · F = Tax withholding
Insider transactions are not a recommendation; sales are often driven by liquidity or tax reasons.
Derivative holdings (Form 4 Table II) Options, RSUs and convertible securities reported on Form 4 Table II.
| Date | Ticker | Security | Underlying | Exercise price | Expiration | Shares | A/D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 21, 2026 | VOYA | Restricted Stock Units | Common Stock | · | · | 2,062 | Acquired |
| May 22, 2025 | VOYA | Restricted Stock Units | Common Stock | · | · | 2,547 | Acquired |
| May 23, 2024 | VOYA | Restricted Stock Units | Common Stock | · | · | 2,055 | Acquired |
| May 25, 2023 | VOYA | Restricted Stock Units | Common Stock | · | · | 2,165 | Acquired |
| May 25, 2023 | VOYA | Restricted Stock Units | Common Stock | · | · | 527 | Disposed |
| March 22, 2023 | VOYA | Restricted Stock Units | Common Stock | · | · | 527 | Acquired |
| Aug. 2, 2019 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $58.25 | Feb. 16, 2026 | 25,867 | Disposed |
| Aug. 2, 2019 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $60.85 | Feb. 10, 2024 | 20,337 | Disposed |
| Aug. 9, 2018 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $52.69 | Feb. 11, 2023 | 21,352 | Disposed |
| April 27, 2017 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $52.64 | Feb. 14, 2021 | 11,399 | Disposed |
| April 27, 2017 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $50.99 | Feb. 15, 2020 | 11,768 | Disposed |
| Feb. 21, 2017 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $88.06 | Feb. 21, 2027 | 26,132 | Acquired |
| Nov. 16, 2016 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $43.65 | Feb. 13, 2022 | 11,455 | Disposed |
| Nov. 16, 2016 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $55.39 | Feb. 16, 2019 | 14,444 | Disposed |
| Nov. 7, 2016 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $71.23 | Feb. 19, 2018 | 7,371 | Disposed |
| Sept. 7, 2016 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $63.36 | Feb. 20, 2017 | 2,960 | Disposed |
| Feb. 16, 2016 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $58.25 | Feb. 16, 2026 | 34,489 | Acquired |
| April 22, 2015 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $63.36 | Feb. 20, 2017 | 2,959 | Disposed |
| Feb. 17, 2015 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $70.21 | Feb. 17, 2025 | 23,739 | Acquired |
| Aug. 25, 2014 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $52.10 | Feb. 21, 2016 | 3,023 | Disposed |
| July 24, 2014 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $52.10 | Feb. 21, 2016 | 3,022 | Disposed |
| Feb. 10, 2014 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $60.85 | Feb. 10, 2024 | 20,337 | Acquired |
| May 17, 2013 | NTRSO | Employee's Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $44.46 | Feb. 15, 2015 | 6,000 | Disposed |
| March 5, 2013 | NTRSO | Employee's Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $49.12 | Feb. 17, 2014 | 7,000 | Disposed |
| Feb. 11, 2013 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | Common Stock | $52.69 | Feb. 11, 2023 | 21,352 | Acquired |
Exercise/conversion price is blank when not applicable (e.g. RSUs).
Initial ownership (Form 3) 15 holdings
Securities held when first becoming an insider, per SEC Form 3.
| Date | Ticker | Security | Shares | Ownership |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feb. 19, 2021 | FIBK | Class A Common Stock | 0 | Direct |
| May 7, 2012 | NTRSO | Common Stock [F1] | 24,541 | Direct |
| May 7, 2012 | NTRSO | Common Stock | 9,832 | Direct |
| May 7, 2012 | NTRSO | Common Stock | 543 | Indirect |
| May 7, 2012 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | 1,668 | Direct |
| May 7, 2012 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | 3,332 | Direct |
| May 7, 2012 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | 7,000 | Direct |
| May 7, 2012 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | 6,000 | Direct |
| May 7, 2012 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | 6,045 | Direct |
| May 7, 2012 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | 5,919 | Direct |
| May 7, 2012 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | 7,371 | Direct |
| May 7, 2012 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | 14,444 | Direct |
| May 7, 2012 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | 11,768 | Direct |
| May 7, 2012 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | 11,399 | Direct |
| May 7, 2012 | NTRSO | Employee Stock Option (right-to-buy) | 11,455 | Direct |
Compensation (DEF 14A)
Matched by name from proxy statements (DEF 14A) — verify against the filing.
| Fiscal year | Salary | Bonus | Stock awards | Option awards | Non-equity incentive | Pension change | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | $625,000 | · | $2,310,120 | · | $930,000 | $1,027,504 | $30,259 | $4,922,883 |
| 2018 | $625,000 | · | $2,100,055 | · | $990,000 | · | $29,857 | $3,744,912 |
| 2017 | $625,000 | · | $1,518,771 | $501,209 | $900,000 | $713,100 | $29,245 | $4,287,325 |
Figures from the Summary Compensation Table of the company's proxy statement (DEF 14A). Compensation is not a recommendation.