Kyle B Levine
Insider
First SEC filing: Jan. 8, 2016 · Latest: Feb. 14, 2017
Insider at
Insider transactions
0 buys (P)
1 sells (S)
Net: $-176,759
Price change vs current quote, split-adjusted for corporate actions since the filing — not benchmarked, not annualized, not size-weighted
| Date | Ticker | Code | Shares | Price | Value | Owned after | Δ own | A/D | vs now |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sept. 29, 2026 | ALK | M | 210 | · | · | 37,706 Direct | +0.56% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Sept. 29, 2026 | ALK | F | 83 | $39.93 | $3,314 | 37,710 Direct | -0.22% | Disposed | -1.0% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Sept. 29, 2026 | ALK | M | 210 | · | · | 420 Direct | -33.33% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2026 | ALK | M | 7,740 | · | · | 37,050 Direct | +26.41% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2026 | ALK | F | 3,097 | $55.27 | $171,171 | 33,953 Direct | -8.36% | Disposed | -28.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2026 | ALK | M | 5,907 | · | · | 39,860 Direct | +17.40% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2026 | ALK | F | 2,364 | $55.27 | $130,658 | 37,496 Direct | -5.93% | Disposed | -28.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2026 | ALK | M | 7,740 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2026 | ALK | M | 5,907 | · | · | 5,907 Direct | -50.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 11, 2026 | ALK | M | 3,716 | · | · | 30,340 Direct | +13.96% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 11, 2026 | ALK | F | 1,030 | $57.50 | $59,225 | 29,310 Direct | -3.39% | Disposed | -31.3% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 11, 2026 | ALK | M | 3,716 | · | · | 7,434 Direct | -33.33% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 10, 2026 | ALK | A | 7,661 | · | · | 28,638 Direct | +36.52% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 10, 2026 | ALK | F | 2,014 | $59.14 | $119,108 | 26,624 Direct | -7.03% | Disposed | -33.2% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 10, 2026 | ALK | A | 15,850 | · | · | 15,850 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 9, 2026 | ALK | S | 2,945 | $60.02 | $176,759 | 20,977 Direct | -12.31% | Disposed | -34.1% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 2, 2025 | ALK | M | 4,857 | · | · | 25,774 Direct | +23.22% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 2, 2025 | ALK | F | 1,944 | $41.73 | $81,123 | 23,922 Direct | -7.52% | Disposed | -5.3% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 2, 2025 | ALK | M | 4,857 | · | · | 4,857 Direct | -50.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Sept. 29, 2025 | ALK | A | 630 | · | · | 630 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Aug. 18, 2025 | ALK | S | 5,914 | $57.75 | $341,534 | 20,917 Direct | -22.04% | Disposed | -31.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2025 | ALK | M | 5,906 | · | · | 29,082 Direct | +25.48% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2025 | ALK | F | 2,325 | $72.54 | $168,656 | 26,757 Direct | -7.99% | Disposed | -45.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2025 | ALK | M | 5,906 | · | · | 11,814 Direct | -33.33% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 11, 2025 | ALK | A | 7,291 | · | · | 26,046 Direct | +38.87% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 11, 2025 | ALK | F | 2,870 | $72.85 | $209,080 | 23,176 Direct | -11.02% | Disposed | -45.7% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 11, 2025 | ALK | A | 11,150 | · | · | 11,150 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 7, 2025 | ALK | M | 3,250 | · | · | 19,936 Direct | +19.48% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 7, 2025 | ALK | F | 1,181 | $75.92 | $89,662 | 18,755 Direct | -5.92% | Disposed | -47.9% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 7, 2025 | ALK | M | 3,250 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Jan. 30, 2025 | ALK | G | 30 | · | · | 16,686 Direct | -0.18% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Jan. 29, 2025 | ALK | M | 1,570 | $65.37 | $102,631 | 21,049 Direct | +8.06% | Acquired | -39.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Jan. 29, 2025 | ALK | S | 1,570 | $72.54 | $113,888 | 19,479 Direct | -7.46% | Disposed | -45.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Jan. 29, 2025 | ALK | S | 2,763 | $72.59 | $200,566 | 16,716 Direct | -14.18% | Disposed | -45.5% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Jan. 29, 2025 | ALK | M | 1,570 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Dec. 17, 2024 | ALK | S | 3,439 | $63.50 | $218,376 | 19,479 Direct | -15.01% | Disposed | -37.7% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 2, 2024 | ALK | M | 4,856 | · | · | 24,652 Direct | +24.53% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 2, 2024 | ALK | F | 1,911 | $49.23 | $94,079 | 22,981 Direct | -7.68% | Disposed | -19.7% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 2, 2024 | ALK | M | 4,856 | · | · | 9,714 Direct | -33.33% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| March 19, 2024 | ALK | A | 17,720 | · | · | 17,720 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2024 | ALK | A | 4,169 | · | · | 20,812 Direct | +25.05% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2024 | ALK | F | 1,016 | $36.57 | $37,155 | 19,796 Direct | -4.88% | Disposed | 8.1% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 9, 2024 | ALK | M | 2,900 | · | · | 17,350 Direct | +20.07% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 9, 2024 | ALK | F | 707 | $37.19 | $26,293 | 16,643 Direct | -4.07% | Disposed | 6.3% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 9, 2024 | ALK | M | 2,900 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 5, 2023 | ALK | M | 987 | · | · | 14,742 Direct | +7.18% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 5, 2023 | ALK | F | 389 | $33.56 | $13,055 | 14,450 Direct | -2.62% | Disposed | 17.8% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 5, 2023 | ALK | M | 987 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 2, 2023 | ALK | A | 14,570 | · | · | 14,570 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 4, 2023 | ALK | A | 7,740 | · | · | 7,740 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | A | 423 | · | · | 12,244 Direct | +3.58% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | F | 104 | $43.37 | $4,510 | 12,140 Direct | -0.85% | Disposed | -8.9% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | M | 2,060 | · | · | 14,200 Direct | +16.97% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | F | 502 | $43.37 | $21,772 | 13,755 Direct | -3.52% | Disposed | -8.9% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | A | 2,060 | · | · | 2,060 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | M | 2,060 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | A | 2,900 | · | · | 2,900 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | A | 3,250 | · | · | 3,250 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | A | 5,445 | · | · | 5,445 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | A | 485 | · | · | 485 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2023 | ALK | A | 1,268 | · | · | 12,130 Direct | +11.67% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2023 | ALK | F | 309 | $50.16 | $15,499 | 11,821 Direct | -2.55% | Disposed | -21.2% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 5, 2022 | ALK | M | 987 | · | · | 11,011 Direct | +9.85% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 5, 2022 | ALK | F | 241 | $44.86 | $10,811 | 10,862 Direct | -2.17% | Disposed | -11.9% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 5, 2022 | ALK | M | 987 | · | · | 987 Direct | -50.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 14, 2022 | ALK | M | 1,230 | · | · | 10,324 Direct | +13.53% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 14, 2022 | ALK | F | 300 | $57.01 | $17,103 | 10,024 Direct | -2.91% | Disposed | -30.7% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 14, 2022 | ALK | M | 1,230 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 7, 2022 | ALK | A | 735 | · | · | 9,273 Direct | +8.61% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 7, 2022 | ALK | F | 179 | $55.36 | $9,909 | 9,094 Direct | -1.93% | Disposed | -28.6% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 7, 2022 | ALK | A | 3,250 | · | · | 3,250 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 7, 2022 | ALK | A | 7,710 | · | · | 7,710 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 5, 2021 | ALK | M | 986 | · | · | 8,779 Direct | +12.65% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 5, 2021 | ALK | F | 241 | $59.35 | $14,303 | 8,538 Direct | -2.75% | Disposed | -33.4% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 5, 2021 | ALK | M | 986 | · | · | 1,974 Direct | -33.31% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Oct. 31, 2021 | ALK | A | 44 | $44.88 | $1,975 | 7,793 Direct | +0.57% | Acquired | -11.9% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| April 30, 2021 | ALK | A | 50 | $32.21 | $1,610 | 7,749 Direct | +0.65% | Acquired | 22.7% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| March 8, 2021 | ALK | S | 2,000 | $68.00 | $136,000 | 7,699 Direct | -20.62% | Disposed | -41.9% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2021 | ALK | M | 1,060 | · | · | 9,958 Direct | +11.91% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2021 | ALK | F | 259 | $57.56 | $14,908 | 9,699 Direct | -2.60% | Disposed | -31.3% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 13, 2021 | ALK | M | 1,060 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 9, 2021 | ALK | A | 7,260 | · | · | 7,260 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 9, 2021 | ALK | A | 2,900 | · | · | 2,900 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 8, 2021 | ALK | A | 480 | · | · | 9,021 Direct | +5.62% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 8, 2021 | ALK | F | 123 | $57.08 | $7,021 | 8,898 Direct | -1.36% | Disposed | -30.7% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 5, 2020 | ALK | A | 2,960 | · | · | 2,960 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Nov. 5, 2020 | ALK | A | 2,540 | · | · | 2,540 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Oct. 31, 2020 | ALK | A | 54 | $25.95 | $1,401 | 8,541 Direct | +0.64% | Acquired | 52.3% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| April 30, 2020 | ALK | A | 81 | $27.64 | $2,239 | 8,487 Direct | +0.96% | Acquired | 43.0% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 14, 2020 | ALK | M | 760 | · | · | 8,592 Direct | +9.70% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 14, 2020 | ALK | F | 186 | $66.11 | $12,296 | 8,406 Direct | -2.16% | Disposed | -40.2% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 14, 2020 | ALK | M | 760 | · | · | 0 Direct | -100.00% | Disposed | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 11, 2020 | ALK | A | 1,194 | · | · | 6,837 Direct | +21.16% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 11, 2020 | ALK | A | 1,700 | · | · | 8,537 Direct | +24.86% | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 11, 2020 | ALK | F | 414 | $64.55 | $26,724 | 8,123 Direct | -4.85% | Disposed | -38.8% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 11, 2020 | ALK | F | 291 | $64.55 | $18,784 | 7,832 Direct | -3.58% | Disposed | -38.8% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 11, 2020 | ALK | A | 7,400 | · | · | 7,400 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 11, 2020 | ALK | A | 2,060 | · | · | 2,060 Direct | · | Acquired | (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Aug. 31, 2019 | ALK | A | 34 | $50.76 | $1,726 | 5,643 Direct | +0.61% | Acquired | -22.1% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
| Feb. 28, 2019 | ALK | A | 27 | $52.44 | $1,416 | 8,039 Direct | +0.34% | Acquired | -24.6% (price as of 2026-10-02) |
Showing latest 100 of 131 transactions
P = Open-market purchase · S = Sale · A = Grant/award · M = Option exercise · G = Gift · F = Tax withholding
Insider transactions are not a recommendation; sales are often driven by liquidity or tax reasons.
Derivative holdings (Form 4 Table II) Options, RSUs and convertible securities reported on Form 4 Table II.
| Date | Ticker | Security | Underlying | Exercise price | Expiration | Shares | A/D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sept. 29, 2026 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | · | 210 | Disposed |
| Feb. 13, 2026 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | May 4, 2026 | 7,740 | Disposed |
| Feb. 13, 2026 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | · | 5,907 | Disposed |
| Feb. 11, 2026 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | · | 3,716 | Disposed |
| Feb. 10, 2026 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | · | 15,850 | Acquired |
| Nov. 2, 2025 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | · | 4,857 | Disposed |
| Sept. 29, 2025 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | · | 630 | Acquired |
| Feb. 13, 2025 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | · | 5,906 | Disposed |
| Feb. 11, 2025 | ALK | COMMON STOCK | COMMON STOCK 401(K) | · | · | 11,150 | Acquired |
| Feb. 7, 2025 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | Feb. 7, 2025 | 3,250 | Disposed |
| Jan. 29, 2025 | ALK | EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION (RIGHT TO BUY) | COMMON STOCK | $65.37 | Feb. 10, 2025 | 1,570 | Disposed |
| Nov. 2, 2024 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | · | 4,856 | Disposed |
| March 19, 2024 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | · | 17,720 | Acquired |
| Feb. 9, 2024 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | Feb. 9, 2024 | 2,900 | Disposed |
| Nov. 5, 2023 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | · | 987 | Disposed |
| Nov. 2, 2023 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | · | 14,570 | Acquired |
| May 4, 2023 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | May 4, 2026 | 7,740 | Acquired |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | May 2, 2023 | 2,060 | Acquired |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | May 2, 2023 | 2,060 | Disposed |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | Feb. 9, 2024 | 2,900 | Acquired |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | Feb. 7, 2025 | 3,250 | Acquired |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION (RIGHT TO BUY) | COMMON STOCK | $55.74 | May 2, 2033 | 5,445 | Acquired |
| May 2, 2023 | ALK | EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION (RIGHT TO BUY) | COMMON STOCK | $55.36 | May 2, 2033 | 485 | Acquired |
| Nov. 5, 2022 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | · | 987 | Disposed |
| Feb. 14, 2022 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | $0.00 | Feb. 14, 2029 | 1,230 | Disposed |
| Feb. 7, 2022 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | $0.00 | Feb. 7, 2032 | 3,250 | Acquired |
| Feb. 7, 2022 | ALK | EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION (RT TO BUY) | COMMON STOCK | $55.36 | Feb. 7, 2032 | 7,710 | Acquired |
| Nov. 5, 2021 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | $0.00 | Nov. 5, 2030 | 986 | Disposed |
| Feb. 13, 2021 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | $0.00 | Feb. 13, 2028 | 1,060 | Disposed |
| Feb. 9, 2021 | ALK | EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION (RT TO BUY) | COMMON STOCK | $55.74 | Feb. 9, 2031 | 7,260 | Acquired |
| Feb. 9, 2021 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | $0.00 | Feb. 9, 2031 | 2,900 | Acquired |
| Nov. 5, 2020 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | $0.00 | Nov. 5, 2030 | 2,960 | Acquired |
| Nov. 5, 2020 | ALK | EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION (RT TO BUY) | COMMON STOCK | $39.18 | Nov. 5, 2030 | 2,540 | Acquired |
| Feb. 14, 2020 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | $0.00 | Feb. 14, 2027 | 760 | Disposed |
| Feb. 11, 2020 | ALK | EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION (RT TO BUY) | COMMON STOCK | $64.55 | Feb. 11, 2030 | 7,400 | Acquired |
| Feb. 11, 2020 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | $0.00 | Feb. 11, 2030 | 2,060 | Acquired |
| Feb. 14, 2019 | ALK | EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION (RT TO BUY) | COMMON STOCK | $66.57 | Feb. 14, 2029 | 4,700 | Acquired |
| Feb. 14, 2019 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | $0.00 | Feb. 14, 2029 | 1,230 | Acquired |
| Feb. 13, 2018 | ALK | EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION (RT TO BUY) | COMMON STOCK | $66.89 | Feb. 13, 2028 | 4,130 | Acquired |
| Feb. 13, 2018 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | $0.00 | Feb. 13, 2028 | 1,060 | Acquired |
| Feb. 14, 2017 | ALK | RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS | COMMON STOCK | · | Feb. 14, 2027 | 760 | Acquired |
| Feb. 14, 2017 | ALK | EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION (RT TO BUY) | COMMON STOCK | $96.30 | Feb. 14, 2027 | 1,750 | Acquired |
| Feb. 9, 2016 | ALK | EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION (RT TO BUY) | COMMON STOCK | $65.63 | Feb. 9, 2026 | 1,640 | Acquired |
Exercise/conversion price is blank when not applicable (e.g. RSUs).
Initial ownership (Form 3) 2 holdings
Securities held when first becoming an insider, per SEC Form 3.
Compensation (DEF 14A)
Matched by name from proxy statements (DEF 14A) — verify against the filing.
| Fiscal year | Salary | Bonus | Stock awards | Option awards | Non-equity incentive | Pension change | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $599,075 | · | · | · | $511,143 | $69,370 | $310,864 | $3,146,785 |
| 2024 | $552,277 | · | · | · | $829,284 | · | $168,679 | $2,890,580 |
| 2023 | $494,292 | · | · | · | $475,125 | $19,687 | $211,946 | $3,654,637 |
Figures from the Summary Compensation Table of the company's proxy statement (DEF 14A). Compensation is not a recommendation.