Steven Kenny — SEC Insider Profile, Roles & Companies

Insider at

FUL selling July 30, 2018

Insider transactions

0 buys (P) 0 sells (S) Net: $0 + 97 non-open-market transactions below last 12 months, based on the transactions shown below

Price change vs current quote, split-adjusted for corporate actions since the filing — not benchmarked, not annualized, not size-weighted

97 other filings hidden

Date	Ticker	Code	Shares	Price	Value	Owned after	Δ own	A/D	vs now
July 30, 2018	FUL	S	2,200	$56.19	$123,618	30,579 Direct	-6.71%	Disposed	-10.2% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2018	FUL	M	1,692	$54.53	$92,265	33,106 Direct	+5.39%	Acquired	-7.5% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2018	FUL	M	888	$54.53	$48,423	33,994 Direct	+2.68%	Acquired	-7.5% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2018	FUL	F	419	$54.53	$22,848	33,575 Direct	-1.23%	Disposed	-7.5% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2018	FUL	F	796	$54.53	$43,406	32,779 Direct	-2.37%	Disposed	-7.5% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2018	FUL	M	888	$54.53	$48,423	1,723 Direct	-34.01%	Disposed	-7.5% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2018	FUL	M	1,692	$54.53	$92,265	3,439 Direct	-32.98%	Disposed	-7.5% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 25, 2018	FUL	A	21,834	$53.57	$1,169,647	21,834 Direct	·	Acquired	-5.8% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 25, 2018	FUL	A	2,307	·	·	2,307 Direct	·	Acquired	(price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 25, 2018	FUL	A	2,307	·	·	2,307 Direct	·	Acquired	(price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 22, 2018	FUL	M	2,052	$54.89	$112,634	32,380 Direct	+6.77%	Acquired	-8.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 22, 2018	FUL	F	966	$54.89	$53,024	31,414 Direct	-2.98%	Disposed	-8.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 22, 2018	FUL	M	2,052	$54.89	$112,634	0 Direct	-100.00%	Disposed	-8.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2018	FUL	M	1,355	$54.83	$74,295	30,356 Direct	+4.67%	Acquired	-8.0% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2018	FUL	M	1,153	$54.83	$63,219	31,509 Direct	+3.80%	Acquired	-8.0% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2018	FUL	F	543	$54.83	$29,773	30,966 Direct	-1.72%	Disposed	-8.0% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2018	FUL	F	638	$54.83	$34,982	30,328 Direct	-2.06%	Disposed	-8.0% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2018	FUL	M	1,355	$54.83	$74,295	1,184 Direct	-53.37%	Disposed	-8.0% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2018	FUL	M	1,153	$54.83	$63,219	1,190 Direct	-49.21%	Disposed	-8.0% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Oct. 20, 2017	FUL	A	34,403	$57.70	$1,985,053	34,403 Direct	·	Acquired	-12.6% (price as of 2026-10-05)
March 31, 2017	FUL	S	7,000	$52.50	$367,500	29,001 Direct	-19.44%	Disposed	-3.9% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2017	FUL	A	5,073	·	·	5,073 Direct	·	Acquired	(price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2017	FUL	A	2,541	·	·	2,541 Direct	·	Acquired	(price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2017	FUL	A	23,696	$50.10	$1,187,170	23,696 Direct	·	Acquired	0.7% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 23, 2017	FUL	M	1,726	$47.48	$81,950	0 Direct	-100.00%	Disposed	6.2% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 23, 2017	FUL	F	813	$47.48	$38,601	36,001 Direct	-2.21%	Disposed	6.2% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 23, 2017	FUL	M	1,726	$47.48	$81,950	36,814 Direct	+4.92%	Acquired	6.2% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 22, 2017	FUL	M	1,970	$48.30	$95,151	36,015 Direct	+5.79%	Acquired	4.4% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 22, 2017	FUL	F	927	$48.30	$44,774	35,088 Direct	-2.57%	Disposed	4.4% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 22, 2017	FUL	M	1,970	$48.30	$95,151	2,030 Direct	-49.25%	Disposed	4.4% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2017	FUL	M	1,140	$47.97	$54,686	2,317 Direct	-32.98%	Disposed	5.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2017	FUL	M	1,452	$47.97	$69,652	2,316 Direct	-38.54%	Disposed	5.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2017	FUL	F	683	$47.97	$32,764	34,045 Direct	-1.97%	Disposed	5.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2017	FUL	F	537	$47.97	$25,760	34,728 Direct	-1.52%	Disposed	5.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2017	FUL	M	1,140	$47.97	$54,686	35,265 Direct	+3.34%	Acquired	5.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2017	FUL	M	1,452	$47.97	$69,652	34,125 Direct	+4.44%	Acquired	5.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
March 29, 2016	FUL	M	30,557	$20.20	$617,251	0 Direct	-100.00%	Disposed	149.7% (price as of 2026-10-05)
March 29, 2016	FUL	M	41,708	$19.85	$827,904	0 Direct	-100.00%	Disposed	154.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
March 29, 2016	FUL	S	72,265	$42.24	$3,052,474	32,561 Direct	-68.94%	Disposed	19.4% (price as of 2026-10-05)
March 29, 2016	FUL	M	30,557	$20.20	$617,251	104,826 Direct	+41.14%	Acquired	149.7% (price as of 2026-10-05)
March 29, 2016	FUL	M	41,708	$19.85	$827,904	74,269 Direct	+128.09%	Acquired	154.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 24, 2016	FUL	M	2,522	$34.72	$87,564	0 Direct	-100.00%	Disposed	45.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 24, 2016	FUL	F	1,186	$34.72	$41,178	32,498 Direct	-3.52%	Disposed	45.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 24, 2016	FUL	M	2,522	$34.72	$87,564	33,684 Direct	+8.09%	Acquired	45.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 23, 2016	FUL	M	1,654	$34.72	$57,427	1,705 Direct	-49.24%	Disposed	45.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 23, 2016	FUL	F	778	$34.72	$27,012	31,162 Direct	-2.44%	Disposed	45.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 23, 2016	FUL	M	1,654	$34.72	$57,427	31,940 Direct	+5.46%	Acquired	45.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 22, 2016	FUL	M	1,943	$34.72	$67,461	3,950 Direct	-32.97%	Disposed	45.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 22, 2016	FUL	F	914	$34.72	$31,734	30,286 Direct	-2.93%	Disposed	45.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 22, 2016	FUL	M	1,943	$34.72	$67,461	31,200 Direct	+6.64%	Acquired	45.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2016	FUL	A	3,413	·	·	3,413 Direct	·	Acquired	(price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2016	FUL	A	3,412	·	·	3,412 Direct	·	Acquired	(price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 19, 2016	FUL	A	29,832	$33.38	$995,792	29,832 Direct	·	Acquired	51.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2015	FUL	M	3,685	$41.16	$151,675	0 Direct	-100.00%	Disposed	22.5% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2015	FUL	F	1,732	$41.16	$71,289	29,034 Direct	-5.63%	Disposed	22.5% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2015	FUL	M	3,685	$41.16	$151,675	30,766 Direct	+13.61%	Acquired	22.5% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 24, 2015	FUL	M	2,402	$40.66	$97,665	2,477 Direct	-49.23%	Disposed	24.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 24, 2015	FUL	F	1,129	$40.66	$45,905	27,081 Direct	-4.00%	Disposed	24.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 24, 2015	FUL	M	2,402	$40.66	$97,665	28,210 Direct	+9.31%	Acquired	24.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 23, 2015	FUL	M	1,632	$40.66	$66,357	3,318 Direct	-32.97%	Disposed	24.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 23, 2015	FUL	F	768	$40.66	$31,227	25,808 Direct	-2.89%	Disposed	24.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 23, 2015	FUL	M	1,632	$40.66	$66,357	26,576 Direct	+6.54%	Acquired	24.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 22, 2015	FUL	A	5,820	·	·	5,820 Direct	·	Acquired	(price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 22, 2015	FUL	A	22,789	$41.00	$934,349	22,789 Direct	·	Acquired	23.0% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2014	FUL	M	3,525	$47.66	$168,002	3,648 Direct	-49.14%	Disposed	5.8% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2014	FUL	F	1,657	$47.66	$78,973	24,761 Direct	-6.27%	Disposed	5.8% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2014	FUL	M	3,525	$47.66	$168,002	26,418 Direct	+15.40%	Acquired	5.8% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 24, 2014	FUL	M	2,377	$47.66	$113,288	4,829 Direct	-32.99%	Disposed	5.8% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 24, 2014	FUL	F	1,118	$47.66	$53,284	22,893 Direct	-4.66%	Disposed	5.8% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 24, 2014	FUL	M	2,377	$47.66	$113,288	24,011 Direct	+10.99%	Acquired	5.8% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 23, 2014	FUL	A	4,899	·	·	4,899 Direct	·	Acquired	(price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 23, 2014	FUL	A	16,644	$48.92	$814,224	16,644 Direct	·	Acquired	3.1% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 20, 2014	FUL	M	4,168	$49.51	$206,358	0 Direct	-100.00%	Disposed	1.9% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 20, 2014	FUL	F	1,959	$49.51	$96,990	21,634 Direct	-8.30%	Disposed	1.9% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 20, 2014	FUL	M	4,168	$49.51	$206,358	23,593 Direct	+21.46%	Acquired	1.9% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2013	FUL	M	3,498	$39.95	$139,745	7,107 Direct	-32.98%	Disposed	26.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2013	FUL	F	1,749	$39.95	$69,873	19,191 Direct	-8.35%	Disposed	26.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2013	FUL	M	3,498	$39.95	$139,745	20,940 Direct	+20.06%	Acquired	26.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 24, 2013	FUL	A	7,140	·	·	7,140 Direct	·	Acquired	(price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 24, 2013	FUL	A	18,712	$39.64	$741,744	18,712 Direct	·	Acquired	27.2% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 20, 2013	FUL	M	4,016	$39.52	$158,712	4,142 Direct	-49.23%	Disposed	27.6% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 20, 2013	FUL	F	2,008	$39.52	$79,356	17,442 Direct	-10.32%	Disposed	27.6% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 20, 2013	FUL	M	4,016	$39.52	$158,712	19,450 Direct	+26.02%	Acquired	27.6% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Dec. 3, 2012	FUL	M	4,235	$32.84	$139,077	0 Direct	-100.00%	Disposed	53.6% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Dec. 3, 2012	FUL	F	1,694	$32.84	$55,631	15,434 Direct	-9.89%	Disposed	53.6% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Dec. 3, 2012	FUL	M	4,235	$32.84	$139,077	17,128 Direct	+32.85%	Acquired	53.6% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Oct. 1, 2012	FUL	M	1,410	$30.70	$43,287	0 Direct	-100.00%	Disposed	64.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Oct. 1, 2012	FUL	F	564	$30.70	$17,315	12,893 Direct	-4.19%	Disposed	64.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Oct. 1, 2012	FUL	M	1,410	$30.70	$43,287	13,457 Direct	+11.70%	Acquired	64.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2012	FUL	A	10,490	·	·	10,490 Direct	·	Acquired	(price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 26, 2012	FUL	A	25,960	$28.40	$737,264	25,960 Direct	·	Acquired	77.6% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 20, 2012	FUL	M	3,971	$27.22	$108,091	8,070 Direct	-32.98%	Disposed	85.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 20, 2012	FUL	M	3,971	$27.22	$108,091	12,047 Direct	+49.17%	Acquired	85.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Dec. 3, 2011	FUL	M	4,065	$22.37	$90,934	4,190 Direct	-49.24%	Disposed	125.5% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Dec. 3, 2011	FUL	M	4,065	$22.37	$90,934	8,076 Direct	+101.35%	Acquired	125.5% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 20, 2011	FUL	A	28,768	$22.27	$640,663	28,768 Direct	·	Acquired	126.5% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Jan. 20, 2011	FUL	A	11,882	·	·	11,882 Direct	·	Acquired	(price as of 2026-10-05)
Dec. 3, 2010	FUL	M	4,011	·	·	8,146 Direct	-32.99%	Disposed	(price as of 2026-10-05)
Dec. 3, 2010	FUL	M	4,011	$21.71	$87,079	4,011 Direct	·	Acquired	132.3% (price as of 2026-10-05)
Oct. 1, 2010	FUL	A	30,557	$20.20	$617,251	30,557 Direct	·	Acquired	149.7% (price as of 2026-10-05)

Showing latest 100 of 104 transactions

P = Open-market purchase · S = Sale · A = Grant/award · M = Option exercise · G = Gift · F = Tax withholding

Insider transactions are not a recommendation; sales are often driven by liquidity or tax reasons.

Derivative holdings (Form 4 Table II) Options, RSUs and convertible securities reported on Form 4 Table II.

Date	Ticker	Security	Underlying	Exercise price	Expiration	Shares	A/D
Jan. 26, 2018	FUL	Performance Stock Units	Common Stock (888)	·	Jan. 26, 2020	888	Disposed
Jan. 26, 2018	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (1,692)	·	Jan. 26, 2020	1,692	Disposed
Jan. 25, 2018	FUL	Employee Stock Option (Right-to-Buy)	Common Stock (21,834)	$53.57	Jan. 25, 2028	21,834	Acquired
Jan. 25, 2018	FUL	Performance Stock Units	Common Stock (2,307)	·	Jan. 25, 2028	2,307	Acquired
Jan. 25, 2018	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (2,307)	·	Jan. 25, 2021	2,307	Acquired
Jan. 22, 2018	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (2,052)	·	Jan. 22, 2018	2,052	Disposed
Jan. 19, 2018	FUL	Performance Stock Units	Common Stock (1,355)	·	Jan. 19, 2019	1,355	Disposed
Jan. 19, 2018	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (1,153)	·	Jan. 19, 2019	1,153	Disposed
Oct. 20, 2017	FUL	Performance Stock Option (Right-to-Buy)	Common Stock (34,403)	$57.70	Oct. 20, 2027	34,403	Acquired
Jan. 26, 2017	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (5,073)	·	Jan. 26, 2020	5,073	Acquired
Jan. 26, 2017	FUL	Performance Stock Units	Common Stock (2,541)	·	Jan. 26, 2020	2,541	Acquired
Jan. 26, 2017	FUL	Employee Stock Option (Right-to-Buy)	Common Stock (23,696)	$50.10	Jan. 26, 2027	23,696	Acquired
Jan. 23, 2017	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (1,726)	·	Jan. 23, 2017	1,726	Disposed
Jan. 22, 2017	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (1,970)	·	Jan. 22, 2018	1,970	Disposed
Jan. 19, 2017	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (1,140)	·	Jan. 19, 2019	1,140	Disposed
Jan. 19, 2017	FUL	Performance Stock Units	Common Stock (1,452)	·	Jan. 19, 2019	1,452	Disposed
March 29, 2016	FUL	Employee Stock Option (Right-to-Buy)	Common Stock (30,557)	$20.20	Oct. 1, 2020	30,557	Disposed
March 29, 2016	FUL	Employee Stock Option (Right-to-Buy)	Common Stock (41,708)	$19.85	Oct. 1, 2019	41,708	Disposed
Jan. 24, 2016	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (2,522)	·	Jan. 24, 2016	2,522	Disposed
Jan. 23, 2016	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (1,654)	·	Jan. 23, 2017	1,654	Disposed
Jan. 22, 2016	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (1,943)	·	Jan. 22, 2018	1,943	Disposed
Jan. 19, 2016	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (3,413)	·	Jan. 19, 2019	3,413	Acquired
Jan. 19, 2016	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (3,412)	·	·	3,412	Acquired
Jan. 19, 2016	FUL	Employee Stock Option (Right-to-Buy)	Common Stock (29,832)	$33.38	Jan. 19, 2026	29,832	Acquired
Jan. 26, 2015	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (3,685)	·	Jan. 26, 2015	3,685	Disposed
Jan. 24, 2015	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (2,402)	·	Jan. 24, 2016	2,402	Disposed
Jan. 23, 2015	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (1,632)	·	Jan. 23, 2017	1,632	Disposed
Jan. 22, 2015	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (5,820)	·	Jan. 22, 2018	5,820	Acquired
Jan. 22, 2015	FUL	Employee Stock Option (Right-to-Buy)	Common Stock (22,789)	$41.00	Jan. 22, 2025	22,789	Acquired
Jan. 26, 2014	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (3,525)	·	Jan. 26, 2015	3,525	Disposed
Jan. 24, 2014	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (2,377)	·	Jan. 24, 2016	2,377	Disposed
Jan. 23, 2014	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (4,899)	·	Jan. 23, 2017	4,899	Acquired
Jan. 23, 2014	FUL	Employee Stock Option (Right-to-Buy)	Common Stock (16,644)	$48.92	Jan. 23, 2024	16,644	Acquired
Jan. 20, 2014	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (4,168)	·	Jan. 20, 2014	4,168	Disposed
Jan. 26, 2013	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (3,498)	$0.00	Jan. 26, 2015	3,498	Disposed
Jan. 24, 2013	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (7,140)	·	Jan. 24, 2016	7,140	Acquired
Jan. 24, 2013	FUL	Employee Stock Option (Right-to-Buy)	Common Stock (18,712)	$39.64	Jan. 24, 2023	18,712	Acquired
Jan. 20, 2013	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (4,016)	·	Jan. 20, 2014	4,016	Disposed
Dec. 3, 2012	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (4,235)	·	Dec. 3, 2012	4,235	Disposed
Oct. 1, 2012	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (1,410)	·	Oct. 1, 2012	1,410	Disposed
Jan. 26, 2012	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (10,490)	·	Jan. 26, 2015	10,490	Acquired
Jan. 26, 2012	FUL	Employee Stock Option (Right-to-Buy)	Common Stock (25,960)	$28.40	Jan. 26, 2022	25,960	Acquired
Jan. 20, 2012	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (3,971)	·	Jan. 20, 2014	3,971	Disposed
Dec. 3, 2011	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (4,065)	·	Dec. 3, 2012	4,065	Disposed
Jan. 20, 2011	FUL	Employee Stock Option (Right-to-Buy)	Common Stock (28,768)	$22.27	Jan. 20, 2021	28,768	Acquired
Jan. 20, 2011	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (11,882)	·	Jan. 20, 2014	11,882	Acquired
Dec. 3, 2010	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (4,011)	·	Dec. 3, 2012	4,011	Disposed
Oct. 1, 2010	FUL	Employee Stock Option (Right-to-Buy)	Common Stock (30,557)	$20.20	Oct. 1, 2020	30,557	Acquired
Dec. 3, 2009	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (12,001)	·	Dec. 3, 2012	12,001	Acquired
Dec. 3, 2009	FUL	Employee Stock Option (Right-to-Buy)	Common Stock (28,935)	$20.57	Dec. 3, 2019	28,935	Acquired
Oct. 1, 2009	FUL	Restricted Stock Units	Common Stock (1,363)	·	Oct. 1, 2012	1,363	Acquired
Oct. 1, 2009	FUL	Employee Stock Option (Right-to-Buy)	Common Stock (41,708)	$19.85	Oct. 1, 2019	41,708	Acquired

Exercise/conversion price is blank when not applicable (e.g. RSUs).

Compensation (DEF 14A)

Matched by name from proxy statements (DEF 14A) — verify against the filing.

FUL

Fiscal year	Salary	Bonus	Stock awards	Option awards	Non-equity incentive	Pension change	Other	Total
2015	$419,439	·	$238,620	$240,150	$130,202	·	$62,733	$1,091,144
2014	$428,954	·	·	·	$87,660	·	$67,275	$1,060,159
2013	$433,104	·	·	·	$162,379	·	$69,670	$1,231,183

Figures from the Summary Compensation Table of the company's proxy statement (DEF 14A). Compensation is not a recommendation.