Oleh Maksym Misichenko · Yahoo Finance ·
Apa yang dipikirkan agen AI tentang berita ini
The panel consensus is that the EU's $23B crypto tax forecast is overly optimistic due to political fragmentation, behavioral shifts towards DeFi and self-custody, and data availability issues. The plan may result in piecemeal national taxes and compliance chaos for CASPs.
Risiko: Political fragmentation and users' migration to DeFi and self-custody platforms.
Peluang: None identified.
Analisis ini dihasilkan oleh pipeline StockScreener — empat LLM terkemuka (Claude, GPT, Gemini, Grok) menerima prompt identik dengan perlindungan anti-halusinasi bawaan. Baca metodologi →
Patrick Hansen, pemimpin strategi dan kebijakan Uni Eropa Circle, mengatakan proyeksi pendapatan pajak kripto blok tersebut mungkin akan meleset. Komisi Eropa telah memodelkan hingga $23 miliar selama siklus anggaran Uni Eropa 2028 hingga 2034.
Hansen berpendapat bahwa pajak kripto berbasis transaksi akan mendorong pengguna ke protokol DeFi. Dompet kustodi mandiri dan tempat non-UE akan mengikis volume bursa terpusat yang diharapkan Brussels untuk ditangkap.
Makalah layanan Komisi yang bocor menguraikan dua model pajak kripto untuk negara-negara anggota pertimbangkan:
- Pajak 0,1% atas nilai transaksi kripto dapat menghasilkan $3,5 miliar hingga $4,7 miliar per tahun.
Penyedia layanan aset kripto (CASP) akan bertindak sebagai titik pengumpulan dan pelaporan.
- Pajak keuntungan modal terpisah atas keuntungan kripto yang direalisasikan akan menghasilkan perkiraan $1,2 miliar hingga $2,8 miliar setiap tahunnya.
Dikombinasikan, kedua opsi tersebut dapat menghasilkan hampir $23 miliar selama siklus anggaran tujuh tahun Uni Eropa. Pejabat mengakui bahwa angka-angka tersebut bergantung pada volatilitas pasar.
Makalah tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa stablecoin yang digunakan sebagai pembayaran kemungkinan akan berada di luar pajak transaksi.
Pajak keuntungan modal secara umum juga tidak akan berlaku untuk token yang dipatok dolar, mengingat pergerakan harga mereka yang minimal.
Hansen menyoroti tiga kelemahan struktural dalam pemodelan:
- Data yang andal dari DAC8, kerangka pelaporan kripto UE, baru akan tiba dari tahun 2027. Perkiraan awal didasarkan pada masukan yang tidak lengkap.
- Proposal tersebut juga memerlukan persetujuan bulat Dewan dan basis pajak UE yang terharmonisasikan.
Prancis telah mendorong paling keras untuk sumber pendapatan UE yang baru. Beban kepatuhan pajak kripto dan perlawanan dari ekonomi yang berfokus pada bursa seperti Malta dapat memperkuat oposisi.
- Risiko perilaku adalah yang terbesar, menurut Hansen.
Pengguna yang menghadapi pajak bursa terpusat dapat memindahkan aktivitas ke opsi dompet kustodi mandiri, protokol DeFi, atau platform non-UE. Pajak transaksi apa pun bergantung pada volume tersebut.
"Pajak kripto berbasis transaksi kemungkinan akan mempercepat migrasi ke saluran yang tidak dikenakan pajak...dan/atau aset yang tidak dikenakan pajak...Dalam praktiknya, imo, itu akan secara signifikan mengurangi potensi pendapatan yang menjadi dasar proyeksi ini," katanya.
Siprus, yang memegang presidensi Dewan yang bergiliran, berencana untuk membagikan proposal anggaran yang direvisi sekitar 10 Juni.
Hasilnya akan mengindikasikan apakah kripto tetap ada dalam menu, dan bagaimana interaksinya dengan konsultasi peninjauan MiCA blok tersebut.
Baca cerita aslinya $23 Miliar Perkiraan Pajak Kripto UE Menarik Penolakan dari Pemimpin Kebijakan Circle oleh Lockridge Okoth di beincrypto.com
Empat model AI terkemuka mendiskusikan artikel ini
"The $23B forecast fails because political fragmentation will prevent harmonized EU-wide implementation, not primarily because users flee to DeFi."
The $23B EU crypto tax forecast is almost certainly overstated, but not for the reasons Hansen emphasizes. Yes, behavioral leakage to DeFi and self-custody will erode collections — that's real. But the article glosses over the actual binding constraint: unanimous Council approval is a political fantasy. France wants revenue; Malta, Cyprus, and crypto-friendly member states will block harmonization. The 2027 DAC8 data gap is a red herring — incomplete data won't stop Brussels from trying, but political fragmentation will. Real risk: piecemeal national taxes emerge instead, creating compliance chaos for CASPs like Circle (CRCL) without generating the projected revenue. The stablecoin carve-out also signals Brussels doesn't fully understand crypto's tax surface.
If MiCA enforcement tightens and CASPs become de facto tax collectors anyway, even a 0.1% levy on reported volumes could stick closer to projections than Hansen admits — regulatory compliance often trumps user migration in practice.
"Behavioral shifts to untaxed channels will likely cut the EU's crypto tax haul well below the $23B headline projection."
The EU's dual crypto tax model (0.1% transaction levy plus capital gains) rests on shaky volume assumptions that Hansen correctly flags, especially with DAC8 data unavailable until 2027 and unanimous Council approval required. Migration to DeFi, self-custody, and non-EU venues could shrink the taxable base faster than modeled, particularly for non-stablecoin flows. This risks undercutting projected $23B revenue while accelerating decentralization ahead of the MiCA review. France's push and Malta's likely resistance add political friction that the Commission paper downplays. Stablecoin exemptions further narrow the capture net.
Even with behavioral leakage, coordinated DAC8 reporting plus existing exchange infrastructure could still deliver 60-70% of the modeled revenue if the Council harmonizes rules by 2028.
"The EU's tax projections ignore the high elasticity of crypto-asset demand, which will drive users toward non-taxed DeFi protocols and offshore venues, rendering the revenue model structurally flawed."
The EU’s $23 billion revenue forecast is a classic case of static modeling failing to account for dynamic behavioral shifts. By targeting centralized exchanges (CASPs), the Commission is essentially incentivizing the 'DeFi-ization' of the European market. A 0.1% transaction levy is high enough to trigger massive capital flight toward self-custody and non-EU liquidity pools, likely resulting in a revenue shortfall of 50% or more versus projections. Furthermore, the reliance on DAC8 data by 2027 is optimistic; the administrative friction of implementation will likely lead to regulatory arbitrage, where capital flows to jurisdictions like Switzerland or the UAE, leaving the EU with a hollowed-out tax base and diminished market competitiveness.
If the EU successfully mandates that all on-ramps and off-ramps—including those serving DeFi—must report via MiCA-compliant protocols, the 'exit' to self-custody becomes a tax-evasion event rather than a viable business strategy, potentially forcing compliance.
"The forecast is likely overstated because behavioral migration to DeFi/non-EU channels and data-enforcement hurdles will depress realized tax receipts far below the headline."
The headline $23B forecast rests on three fragile pillars: a uniform EU tax base, DAC8 data quality from 2027, and a transaction levy that doesn't push users offshore en masse. In practice, a 0.1% transaction tax on on-chain activity may trigger mass movement to DeFi and non-EU venues, while stablecoins and dollar-pegged tokens escape capital gains rules. Enforcement fabric is untested across member states, and unanimity risk means the plan may stall or be watered down, especially with Malta's opposition. If any of these frictions materialize, the realized haul could be far below the headline.
That said, if the EU somehow delivers a truly harmonized tax base and DAC8 data improves quickly, receipts could surprise to the upside, as on-chain activity within compliant venues remains hard to evade.
"On-ramp/off-ramp reporting via MiCA could be more binding than on-chain tax avoidance, but only if the EU treats fiat gateways as the actual tax surface."
Everyone's modeling behavioral leakage as binary—users flee or comply. But Gemini's MiCA on-ramp/off-ramp enforcement point is underexplored. If the EU mandates reporting at fiat boundaries (not on-chain), self-custody becomes invisible only if you never convert back to euros. That's a massive friction that could push compliance higher than the 60-70% Grok estimates. The real question: does Brussels have the political will to weaponize on-ramps as tax collection points? That's not addressed.
"P2P and offshore channels allow bypassing EU on-ramps, undermining higher compliance expectations."
Claude's point on fiat boundary reporting overlooks P2P and non-fiat on-ramps that avoid euro conversion altogether. Users can settle in USDT or BTC via decentralized protocols or Asian venues, rendering self-custody frictionless for long-term holdings. This dynamic erodes the compliance boost more than MiCA can prevent, as enforcement stops at EU borders. Revenue projections ignore these jurisdictional gaps that accelerate capital flight beyond 2027.
"Institutional compliance requirements make institutional capital more sensitive to regulatory uncertainty than retail P2P flight."
Grok, your focus on P2P and non-fiat on-ramps ignores the institutional reality: capital markets don't run on P2P. While retail might skirt taxes, the $23B target relies on high-volume institutional flows that require regulated, fiat-integrated venues. These entities cannot operate in the shadows of USDT-based P2P markets without severe AML/KYC violations. The real risk isn't retail flight; it's the institutional exodus from the EU to jurisdictions with clearer, stable tax frameworks, not just tax avoidance.
"Without rapid DAC8 rollout and uniform enforcement, Grok's 60-70% uplift to the $23B target is unlikely; receipts will stay well below optimistic midpoints due to enforcement heterogeneity and leakage to non-EU venues."
Grok's 60-70% uplift on a harmonized 2028 baseline assumes near-perfect DAC8 data and universal on-ramp reporting. I’d flag two gaps: (1) enforcement bandwidth varies wildly across 27 states, and (2) non-EU venues + P2P DeFi will siphon flows even with rules in place. Bottom line: the revenue path is a function of political will and data flow speed; without rapid DAC8 rollout, receipts stay well below the optimistic midpoints.
The panel consensus is that the EU's $23B crypto tax forecast is overly optimistic due to political fragmentation, behavioral shifts towards DeFi and self-custody, and data availability issues. The plan may result in piecemeal national taxes and compliance chaos for CASPs.
None identified.
Political fragmentation and users' migration to DeFi and self-custody platforms.