Douglas E Scott
Pengajuan SEC Pertama: 12 Okt. 2006 · Terbaru: 12 Okt. 2006
Orang Dalam di
Transaksi orang dalam
Perubahan harga vs kuotasi saat ini, disesuaikan split untuk aksi korporasi sejak pengajuan — tidak dibenchmark, tidak diannualisasi, tidak dibobot berdasarkan ukuran
| Tanggal | Ticker | Kode | Saham | Harga | Nilai | Dimiliki setelah | Δ milik | A/D | vs sekarang |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 Juli 2016 | AVAV | S | 368 | $27,49 | $10.116 | 18.014 Langsung | -2,00% | Dilepas | 412,3% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 6 Okt. 2015 | AVAV | S | 1.663 | $21,20 | $35.256 | 18.382 Langsung | -8,30% | Dilepas | 564,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 24 Juni 2015 | AVAV | A | 10.000 | · | · | 10.000 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 24 Juni 2015 | AVAV | A | 5.000 | · | · | 20.045 Langsung | +33,23% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 6 Okt. 2014 | AVAV | S | 3.600 | $29,29 | $105.444 | 15.045 Langsung | -19,31% | Dilepas | 380,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Agu 2014 | AVAV | A | 8.117 | · | · | 8.117 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Agu 2014 | AVAV | A | 3.645 | · | · | 18.645 Langsung | +24,30% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 29 April 2010 | LDOS | G | 127.254 | · | · | 155.858 Tidak Langsung | +444,88% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 29 April 2010 | LDOS | G | 127.254 | · | · | 4.702 Langsung | -96,44% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 2 April 2010 | LDOS | A | 39.722 | · | · | 39.722 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 2 April 2010 | LDOS | A | 2.348 | $17,42 | $40.902 | 65.466 Tidak Langsung | +3,72% | Diakuisisi | 173,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 2 April 2010 | LDOS | A | 11.112 | · | · | 63.119 Tidak Langsung | +21,37% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 29 Maret 2010 | LDOS | F | 863 | $19,26 | $16.621 | 131.956 Langsung | -0,65% | Dilepas | 147,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Maret 2010 | LDOS | F | 430 | $19,14 | $8.230 | 132.819 Langsung | -0,32% | Dilepas | 149,1% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 11 Jan. 2010 | LDOS | S | 50.000 | $19,00 | $950.000 | 133.249 Langsung | -27,29% | Dilepas | 151,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Des. 2009 | LDOS | M | 119.994 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Des. 2009 | LDOS | S | 86.043 | $18,85 | $1.621.911 | 183.249 Langsung | -31,95% | Dilepas | 153,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Des. 2009 | LDOS | F | 12.545 | $18,85 | $236.473 | 269.292 Langsung | -4,45% | Dilepas | 153,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Des. 2009 | LDOS | M | 119.994 | $13,52 | $1.622.319 | 281.837 Langsung | +74,14% | Diakuisisi | 252,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | J | 28.604 | · | · | 0 Tidak Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | J | 22.421 | · | · | 0 Tidak Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | J | 52.007 | · | · | 0 Tidak Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | J | 120.000 | · | · | 120.000 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | J | 119.994 | · | · | 119.994 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | J | 120.000 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | J | 119.994 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | J | 161.843 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | J | 28.604 | · | · | 28.604 Tidak Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | J | 22.421 | · | · | 23.029 Tidak Langsung | +3687,66% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | J | 52.007 | · | · | 52.007 Tidak Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | J | 161.843 | · | · | 161.843 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 April 2009 | LDOS | A | 2.113 | $18,46 | $39.006 | 52.007 Tidak Langsung | +4,23% | Diakuisisi | 158,3% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 April 2009 | LDOS | A | 83.400 | · | · | 83.400 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 April 2009 | LDOS | F | 413 | $18,67 | $7.711 | 161.716 Langsung | -0,25% | Dilepas | 155,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 29 Maret 2009 | LDOS | F | 841 | $18,23 | $15.331 | 162.129 Langsung | -0,52% | Dilepas | 161,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Maret 2009 | LDOS | F | 191 | $16,98 | $3.243 | 162.970 Langsung | -0,12% | Dilepas | 180,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 14 Juli 2008 | LDOS | S | 21.200 | $20,50 | $434.600 | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | 132,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 14 Juli 2008 | LDOS | S | 8.000 | $20,56 | $164.480 | 21.200 Langsung | -27,40% | Dilepas | 131,9% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 14 Juli 2008 | LDOS | S | 8.000 | $20,52 | $164.160 | 29.200 Langsung | -21,51% | Dilepas | 132,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 14 Juli 2008 | LDOS | S | 7.000 | $20,55 | $143.850 | 37.200 Langsung | -15,84% | Dilepas | 132,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 14 Juli 2008 | LDOS | S | 5.600 | $20,50 | $114.800 | 44.200 Langsung | -11,24% | Dilepas | 132,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 14 Juli 2008 | LDOS | S | 200 | $20,51 | $4.102 | 49.800 Langsung | -0,40% | Dilepas | 132,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 10 Juli 2008 | LDOS | C | 50.000 | · | · | 163.161 Langsung | -23,46% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 10 Juli 2008 | LDOS | C | 50.000 | · | · | 50.000 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Juni 2008 | LDOS | M | 134.998 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Juni 2008 | LDOS | S | 80.242 | $20,48 | $1.643.356 | 213.161 Langsung | -27,35% | Dilepas | 132,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Juni 2008 | LDOS | F | 25.051 | $20,48 | $513.044 | 293.403 Langsung | -7,87% | Dilepas | 132,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Juni 2008 | LDOS | M | 134.998 | $12,17 | $1.642.926 | 318.454 Langsung | +73,59% | Diakuisisi | 291,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 4 April 2008 | LDOS | A | 1.602 | $18,73 | $30.005 | 49.894 Tidak Langsung | +3,32% | Diakuisisi | 154,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 4 April 2008 | LDOS | A | 18.153 | · | · | 48.292 Tidak Langsung | +60,23% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 4 April 2008 | LDOS | A | 105.000 | · | · | 105.000 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 April 2008 | LDOS | F | 264 | $18,59 | $4.908 | 183.456 Langsung | -0,14% | Dilepas | 156,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 29 Maret 2008 | LDOS | F | 1.076 | $18,41 | $19.809 | 183.720 Langsung | -0,58% | Dilepas | 159,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Maret 2008 | LDOS | F | 244 | $18,64 | $4.548 | 184.796 Langsung | -0,13% | Dilepas | 155,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 4 Jan. 2008 | LDOS | M | 134.999 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 4 Jan. 2008 | LDOS | S | 66.271 | $19,42 | $1.286.983 | 185.040 Langsung | -26,37% | Dilepas | 145,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 4 Jan. 2008 | LDOS | F | 26.656 | $19,42 | $517.660 | 251.311 Langsung | -9,59% | Dilepas | 145,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 4 Jan. 2008 | LDOS | M | 134.999 | $9,53 | $1.286.540 | 277.967 Langsung | +94,43% | Diakuisisi | 400,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 19 Des. 2007 | LDOS | C | 5.000 | · | · | 142.968 Langsung | -3,38% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 19 Des. 2007 | LDOS | G | 5.000 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 19 Des. 2007 | LDOS | C | 5.000 | · | · | 5.000 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 April 2007 | LDOS | F | 207 | $17,32 | $3.585 | 147.968 Langsung | -0,14% | Dilepas | 175,3% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 30 Maret 2007 | LDOS | A | 2.576 | $17,47 | $45.003 | 30.139 Tidak Langsung | +9,35% | Diakuisisi | 173,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 29 Maret 2007 | LDOS | A | 11.754 | · | · | 148.175 Langsung | +8,62% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 29 Maret 2007 | LDOS | A | 1.307 | · | · | 27.563 Tidak Langsung | +4,98% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 29 Maret 2007 | LDOS | A | 95.000 | · | · | 95.000 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Maret 2007 | LDOS | F | 191 | $18,00 | $3.438 | 136.421 Langsung | -0,14% | Dilepas | 164,9% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2006 | LDOS | M | 149.998 | · | · | 249.879 Langsung | +150,18% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2006 | LDOS | F | 30.976 | $20,02 | $620.140 | 218.903 Langsung | -12,40% | Dilepas | 138,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2006 | LDOS | S | 82.291 | $20,02 | $1.647.466 | 136.612 Langsung | -37,59% | Dilepas | 138,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Nov. 2006 | LDOS | M | 149.998 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 15 Nov. 2006 | LDOS | G | 94.908 | · | · | 28.604 Tidak Langsung | -76,84% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 15 Nov. 2006 | LDOS | G | 94.908 | · | · | 99.881 Langsung | +1908,47% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | A | 4.973 | · | · | 4.973 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | A | 26.256 | · | · | 26.256 Tidak Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | A | 22.236 | · | · | 22.236 Tidak Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | A | 123.512 | · | · | 123.512 Tidak Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | A | 149.998 | · | · | 149.998 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | A | 134.999 | · | · | 134.999 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | A | 134.998 | · | · | 134.998 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | A | 119.994 | · | · | 119.994 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | A | 120.000 | · | · | 120.000 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
P = Pembelian pasar terbuka · S = Penjualan · A = Hibah/penghargaan · B = Pelaksanaan opsi · G = Hadiah · F = Pemotongan pajak
Transaksi orang dalam bukan merupakan rekomendasi; penjualan sering kali didorong oleh alasan likuiditas atau pajak.
Kepemilikan Derivatif (Formulir 4 Tabel II) Opsi, RSU, dan sekuritas konversi yang dilaporkan pada Formulir 4 Tabel II.
| Tanggal | Ticker | Sekuritas | Underlying | Harga Pelaksanaan | Kedaluwarsa | Saham | A/D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 Juni 2015 | AVAV | Stock Option (Right to Purchase) | Common Stock | $26,70 | 24 Juni 2025 | 10.000 | Diakuisisi |
| 1 Agu 2014 | AVAV | Stock Option (Right to Purchase) | Common Stock | $31,27 | 1 Agu 2024 | 8.117 | Diakuisisi |
| 2 April 2010 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock | $17,42 | 1 April 2015 | 39.722 | Diakuisisi |
| 21 Des. 2009 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock | $13,52 | 31 Maret 2010 | 119.994 | Dilepas |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 28.604 | Dilepas |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 22.421 | Dilepas |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 52.007 | Dilepas |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock | $14,64 | 20 Maret 2011 | 120.000 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock | $13,52 | 31 Maret 2010 | 119.994 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Class A Preferred Stock | $14,64 | 20 Maret 2011 | 120.000 | Dilepas |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Class A Preferred Stock | $13,52 | 31 Maret 2010 | 119.994 | Dilepas |
| 16 Nov. 2009 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 161.843 | Dilepas |
| 3 April 2009 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 2.113 | Diakuisisi |
| 3 April 2009 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock | $18,46 | 2 April 2014 | 83.400 | Diakuisisi |
| 1 April 2009 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 413 | Dilepas |
| 29 Maret 2009 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 841 | Dilepas |
| 21 Maret 2009 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 191 | Dilepas |
| 10 Juli 2008 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 50.000 | Dilepas |
| 20 Juni 2008 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Class A Preferred Stock | $12,17 | 1 April 2009 | 134.998 | Dilepas |
| 20 Juni 2008 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 80.242 | Dilepas |
| 20 Juni 2008 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 25.051 | Dilepas |
| 20 Juni 2008 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 134.998 | Diakuisisi |
| 4 April 2008 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 1.602 | Diakuisisi |
| 4 April 2008 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 18.153 | Diakuisisi |
| 4 April 2008 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock | $18,73 | 3 April 2013 | 105.000 | Diakuisisi |
| 1 April 2008 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 264 | Dilepas |
| 29 Maret 2008 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 1.076 | Dilepas |
| 21 Maret 2008 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 244 | Dilepas |
| 4 Jan. 2008 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Class A Preferred Stock | $9,53 | 9 April 2008 | 134.999 | Dilepas |
| 4 Jan. 2008 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 66.271 | Dilepas |
| 4 Jan. 2008 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 26.656 | Dilepas |
| 4 Jan. 2008 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 134.999 | Diakuisisi |
| 19 Des. 2007 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 5.000 | Dilepas |
| 1 April 2007 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock [F1] | Common Stock | · | · | 207 | Dilepas |
| 30 Maret 2007 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock [F1] | Common Stock | · | · | 2.576 | Diakuisisi |
| 29 Maret 2007 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock [F1] | Common Stock | · | · | 11.754 | Diakuisisi |
| 29 Maret 2007 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock [F1] | Common Stock | · | · | 1.307 | Diakuisisi |
| 29 Maret 2007 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock | $17,61 | 28 Maret 2012 | 95.000 | Diakuisisi |
| 21 Maret 2007 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock [F1] | Common Stock | · | · | 191 | Dilepas |
| 16 Nov. 2006 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock [F1] | Common Stock | · | · | 149.998 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Nov. 2006 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock [F1] | Common Stock | · | · | 30.976 | Dilepas |
| 16 Nov. 2006 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock [F1] | Common Stock | · | · | 82.291 | Dilepas |
| 16 Nov. 2006 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) [F1] | Class A Preferred Stock [F2] | $10,98 | 26 Maret 2007 | 149.998 | Dilepas |
| 15 Nov. 2006 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock [F1] | Common Stock | · | · | 94.908 | Dilepas |
| 15 Nov. 2006 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock [F1] | Common Stock | · | · | 94.908 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock [F1] | Common Stock | · | · | 4.973 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock [F1] | Common Stock | · | · | 26.256 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock [F1] | Common Stock | · | · | 22.236 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | Class A Preferred Stock [F1] | Common Stock | · | · | 123.512 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) [F1] | Class A Preferred Stock [F2] | $10,98 | 26 Maret 2007 | 149.998 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) [F1] | Class A Preferred Stock [F2] | $9,53 | 9 April 2008 | 134.999 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) [F1] | Class A Preferred Stock [F2] | $12,17 | 1 April 2009 | 134.998 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) [F1] | Class A Preferred Stock [F2] | $13,52 | 31 Maret 2010 | 119.994 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | Stock Option (Right to Buy) [F1] | Class A Preferred Stock [F2] | $14,64 | 20 Maret 2011 | 120.000 | Diakuisisi |
Harga pelaksanaan/konversi kosong jika tidak berlaku (misalnya, RSU).
Kepemilikan Awal (Formulir 3) 1 saham
Sekuritas yang dipegang saat pertama kali menjadi orang dalam, sesuai Formulir 3 SEC.
| Tanggal | Ticker | Sekuritas | Saham | Kepemilikan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 Okt. 2006 | LDOS | No Securities Are Beneficially Owned | 0 | Langsung |
Kompensasi (DEF 14A)
Dicocokkan berdasarkan nama dari pernyataan proksi (DEF 14A) — verifikasi terhadap pengajuan.
| Tahun fiskal | Gaji | Bonus | Penghargaan saham | Penghargaan opsi | Insentif non-ekuitas | Perubahan Pensiun | Lainnya | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | $464.423 | · | · | · | $300.000 | · | $13.354 | $1.407.256 |
| Tahun fiskal | Gaji | Bonus | Penghargaan saham | Penghargaan opsi | Insentif non-ekuitas | Perubahan Pensiun | Lainnya | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | $149.861 | · | · | · | · | · | $379.857 | $529.718 |
| 2016 | $298.957 | $22.707 | $133.500 | $101.585 | $107.793 | · | $18.002 | $682.544 |
| 2015 | $274.056 | · | $113.979 | $114.028 | $118.468 | · | $12.088 | $632.619 |
Angka-angka dari Tabel Kompensasi Ringkasan dalam pernyataan proksi perusahaan (DEF 14A). Kompensasi bukan merupakan rekomendasi.