Jeffrey H Devuono
Pengajuan SEC Pertama: 15 Mei 2015 · Terbaru: 15 Mei 2015
Orang Dalam di
Transaksi orang dalam
Perubahan harga vs kuotasi saat ini, disesuaikan split untuk aksi korporasi sejak pengajuan — tidak dibenchmark, tidak diannualisasi, tidak dibobot berdasarkan ukuran
| Tanggal | Ticker | Kode | Saham | Harga | Nilai | Dimiliki setelah | Δ milik | A/D | vs sekarang |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 April 2026 | BDN | F | 24.632 | $2,76 | $67.984 | 770.998 Langsung | -3,10% | Dilepas | 0,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 27 Feb. 2026 | BDN | F | 3.664 | $3,16 | $11.578 | 795.630 Langsung | -0,46% | Dilepas | -12,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 27 Feb. 2026 | BDN | A | 155.923 | $3,16 | $492.717 | 799.294 Langsung | +24,24% | Diakuisisi | -12,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 23 Jan. 2026 | BDN | F | 17.234 | $3,03 | $52.219 | 643.371 Langsung | -2,61% | Dilepas | -8,3% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 23 Jan. 2026 | BDN | F | 23.302 | $3,03 | $70.605 | 587.501 Langsung | -3,81% | Dilepas | -8,3% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 22 Jan. 2026 | BDN | A | 58.483 | · | · | 610.803 Langsung | +10,59% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 22 Jan. 2026 | BDN | A | 73.104 | · | · | 660.605 Langsung | +12,44% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 15 April 2025 | BDN | F | 28.070 | $3,73 | $104.701 | 552.320 Langsung | -4,84% | Dilepas | -25,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 28 Feb. 2025 | BDN | F | 2.373 | $4,88 | $11.580 | 587.625 Langsung | -0,40% | Dilepas | -43,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 28 Feb. 2025 | BDN | A | 100.967 | · | · | 589.998 Langsung | +20,65% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 Feb. 2025 | BDN | F | 17.485 | $5,49 | $95.993 | 467.482 Langsung | -3,61% | Dilepas | -49,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 Feb. 2025 | BDN | F | 4.555 | $5,49 | $25.007 | 489.031 Langsung | -0,92% | Dilepas | -49,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 Feb. 2025 | BDN | F | 4.333 | $5,49 | $23.788 | 479.819 Langsung | -0,89% | Dilepas | -49,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 Feb. 2025 | BDN | F | 24.163 | $5,49 | $132.655 | 474.718 Langsung | -4,84% | Dilepas | -49,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 31 Jan. 2025 | BDN | A | 34.973 | · | · | 484.967 Langsung | +7,77% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 31 Jan. 2025 | BDN | A | 18.868 | · | · | 493.586 Langsung | +3,97% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 31 Jan. 2025 | BDN | A | 9.434 | $5,49 | $51.793 | 484.152 Langsung | +1,99% | Diakuisisi | -49,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 31 Jan. 2025 | BDN | A | 48.887 | $5,49 | $268.390 | 498.881 Langsung | +10,86% | Diakuisisi | -49,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 15 April 2024 | BDN | F | 8.145 | $4,28 | $34.861 | 449.994 Langsung | -1,78% | Dilepas | -35,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 26 Feb. 2024 | BDN | F | 2.817 | $4,11 | $11.578 | 458.139 Langsung | -0,61% | Dilepas | -32,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 26 Feb. 2024 | BDN | A | 119.883 | · | · | 460.956 Langsung | +35,15% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2024 | BDN | F | 13.531 | $4,40 | $59.536 | 341.073 Langsung | -3,82% | Dilepas | -36,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2024 | BDN | M | 25.837 | $4,40 | $113.683 | 354.604 Langsung | +7,86% | Diakuisisi | -36,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 17 April 2023 | BDN | F | 5.681 | $4,05 | $23.008 | 328.767 Langsung | -1,70% | Dilepas | -31,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Feb. 2023 | BDN | F | 1.145 | $6,74 | $7.717 | 334.448 Langsung | -0,34% | Dilepas | -58,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Feb. 2023 | BDN | A | 48.736 | · | · | 335.593 Langsung | +16,99% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2023 | BDN | F | 7.671 | $6,47 | $49.631 | 286.857 Langsung | -2,60% | Dilepas | -57,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2023 | BDN | M | 25.046 | $6,47 | $162.048 | 294.528 Langsung | +9,29% | Diakuisisi | -57,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 15 April 2022 | BDN | F | 4.706 | $12,73 | $59.907 | 269.482 Langsung | -1,72% | Dilepas | -78,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 Maret 2022 | BDN | A | 23.631 | · | · | 274.188 Langsung | +9,43% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2022 | BDN | F | 11.806 | $13,06 | $154.186 | 250.557 Langsung | -4,50% | Dilepas | -78,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2022 | BDN | M | 40.333 | $13,06 | $526.749 | 262.363 Langsung | +18,17% | Diakuisisi | -78,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 14 Juni 2021 | BDN | S | 7.936 | $15,04 | $119.357 | 222.030 Langsung | -3,45% | Dilepas | -81,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 15 April 2021 | BDN | F | 3.770 | $13,11 | $49.425 | 229.966 Langsung | -1,61% | Dilepas | -78,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Maret 2021 | BDN | S | 22.717 | $13,70 | $311.223 | 233.736 Langsung | -8,86% | Dilepas | -79,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 4 Maret 2021 | BDN | A | 21.851 | · | · | 256.453 Langsung | +9,31% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2021 | BDN | F | 4.219 | $11,10 | $46.831 | 234.602 Langsung | -1,77% | Dilepas | -75,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2021 | BDN | M | 13.551 | $11,10 | $150.416 | 238.821 Langsung | +6,02% | Diakuisisi | -75,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 15 April 2020 | BDN | F | 2.058 | $11,00 | $22.638 | 225.270 Langsung | -0,91% | Dilepas | -74,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 5 Maret 2020 | BDN | A | 16.512 | · | · | 227.328 Langsung | +7,83% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2020 | BDN | F | 828 | $15,62 | $12.933 | 210.816 Langsung | -0,39% | Dilepas | -82,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2020 | BDN | M | 18.020 | $15,62 | $281.472 | 211.644 Langsung | +9,31% | Diakuisisi | -82,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 31 Jan. 2020 | BDN | F | 3.126 | $15,62 | $48.828 | 193.624 Langsung | -1,59% | Dilepas | -82,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 14 Nov. 2019 | BDN | S | 2.784 | $15,31 | $42.623 | 196.750 Langsung | -1,40% | Dilepas | -81,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Nov. 2019 | BDN | M | 10.727 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Nov. 2019 | BDN | M | 8.841 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Nov. 2019 | BDN | F | 16.784 | $15,45 | $259.313 | 199.534 Langsung | -7,76% | Dilepas | -82,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Nov. 2019 | BDN | M | 10.727 | $11,89 | $127.544 | 216.318 Langsung | +5,22% | Diakuisisi | -76,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Nov. 2019 | BDN | M | 8.841 | $11,31 | $99.992 | 205.591 Langsung | +4,49% | Diakuisisi | -75,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Nov. 2019 | BDN | S | 16.338 | $15,33 | $250.462 | 196.750 Langsung | -7,67% | Dilepas | -81,9% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 15 April 2019 | BDN | F | 445 | $15,85 | $7.053 | 213.088 Langsung | -0,21% | Dilepas | -82,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Feb. 2019 | BDN | A | 13.001 | · | · | 213.533 Langsung | +6,48% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Feb. 2019 | BDN | A | 2.755 | · | · | 200.532 Langsung | +1,39% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2019 | BDN | F | 6.783 | $14,96 | $101.474 | 197.777 Langsung | -3,32% | Dilepas | -81,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2019 | BDN | M | 23.121 | $14,96 | $345.890 | 204.560 Langsung | +12,74% | Diakuisisi | -81,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 15 April 2018 | BDN | F | 331 | · | · | 181.439 Langsung | -0,18% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 28 Feb. 2018 | BDN | A | 12.644 | · | · | 181.770 Langsung | +7,48% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2018 | BDN | M | 22.484 | $17,64 | $396.618 | 170.044 Langsung | +15,24% | Diakuisisi | -84,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2018 | BDN | F | 918 | $17,64 | $16.194 | 169.126 Langsung | -0,54% | Dilepas | -84,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 10 Mei 2017 | BDN | S | 9.027 | $17,01 | $153.549 | 147.560 Langsung | -5,76% | Dilepas | -83,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 15 April 2017 | BDN | F | 336 | · | · | 156.587 Langsung | -0,21% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Maret 2017 | BDN | A | 11.210 | · | · | 156.923 Langsung | +7,69% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2017 | BDN | M | 6.412 | $16,00 | $102.592 | 146.157 Langsung | +4,59% | Diakuisisi | -82,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2017 | BDN | F | 444 | $16,00 | $7.104 | 145.713 Langsung | -0,30% | Dilepas | -82,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 15 April 2016 | BDN | F | 3.959 | · | · | 139.745 Langsung | -2,75% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 22 Feb. 2016 | BDN | A | 14.503 | · | · | 143.704 Langsung | +11,23% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2016 | BDN | F | 627 | $12,81 | $8.032 | 129.201 Langsung | -0,48% | Dilepas | -78,3% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2016 | BDN | M | 15.607 | $12,81 | $199.926 | 129.828 Langsung | +13,66% | Diakuisisi | -78,3% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 14 Mei 2015 | BDN | S | 30.000 | $14,48 | $434.400 | 114.221 Langsung | -20,80% | Dilepas | -80,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 Maret 2015 | BDN | S | 25.000 | $15,82 | $395.500 | 144.221 Langsung | -14,77% | Dilepas | -82,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 2 Maret 2015 | BDN | S | 25.000 | $15,90 | $397.500 | 169.221 Langsung | -12,87% | Dilepas | -82,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 23 Feb. 2015 | BDN | A | 10.790 | · | · | 194.221 Langsung | +5,88% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Feb. 2015 | BDN | M | 37.942 | $16,61 | $630.217 | 183.431 Langsung | +26,08% | Diakuisisi | -83,3% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 15 April 2014 | BDN | F | 3.034 | · | · | 145.489 Langsung | -2,04% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 11 Maret 2014 | BDN | A | 12.004 | · | · | 148.523 Langsung | +8,79% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Maret 2014 | BDN | F | 327 | $14,65 | $4.791 | 136.519 Langsung | -0,24% | Dilepas | -81,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Maret 2014 | BDN | M | 9.469 | $14,65 | $138.721 | 136.846 Langsung | +7,43% | Diakuisisi | -81,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 15 Jan. 2014 | BDN | F | 290 | · | · | 127.377 Langsung | -0,23% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 April 2013 | BDN | M | 21.455 | $11,89 | $255.100 | 10.727 Langsung | -66,67% | Dilepas | -76,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 April 2013 | BDN | S 10b5-1 | 21.455 | $15,00 | $321.825 | 127.667 Langsung | -14,39% | Dilepas | -81,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 April 2013 | BDN | M | 21.455 | $11,89 | $255.100 | 149.122 Langsung | +16,81% | Diakuisisi | -76,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 April 2013 | BDN | F | 3.094 | $14,90 | $46.101 | 127.667 Langsung | -2,37% | Dilepas | -81,3% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 8 Maret 2013 | BDN | S | 10.100 | $14,15 | $142.915 | 130.761 Langsung | -7,17% | Dilepas | -80,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 7 Maret 2013 | BDN | M | 30.400 | · | · | 8.841 Langsung | -77,47% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 7 Maret 2013 | BDN | S | 20.300 | $14,25 | $289.275 | 140.861 Langsung | -12,60% | Dilepas | -80,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 7 Maret 2013 | BDN | M | 30.400 | $11,31 | $343.824 | 161.161 Langsung | +23,25% | Diakuisisi | -75,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Maret 2013 | BDN | F | 1.392 | $13,81 | $19.224 | 130.761 Langsung | -1,05% | Dilepas | -79,9% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Maret 2013 | BDN | M | 4.081 | $13,81 | $56.359 | 132.153 Langsung | +3,19% | Diakuisisi | -79,9% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 25 Feb. 2013 | BDN | A | 12.986 | · | · | 128.072 Langsung | +11,28% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 15 Jan. 2013 | BDN | F | 290 | $12,76 | $3.700 | 115.086 Langsung | -0,25% | Dilepas | -78,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 Agu 2012 | BDN | M | 14.472 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 Agu 2012 | BDN | S | 14.472 | $12,23 | $176.993 | 115.376 Langsung | -11,15% | Dilepas | -77,3% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 Agu 2012 | BDN | M | 14.472 | $2,91 | $42.114 | 129.848 Langsung | +12,54% | Diakuisisi | -4,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 14 Mei 2012 | BDN | M | 13.776 | · | · | 14.472 Langsung | -48,77% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 14 Mei 2012 | BDN | M | 13.776 | $2,91 | $40.088 | 115.376 Langsung | +13,56% | Diakuisisi | -4,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 April 2012 | BDN | F | 5.479 | $11,48 | $62.899 | 101.600 Langsung | -5,12% | Dilepas | -75,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Maret 2012 | BDN | A | 12.469 | · | · | 107.079 Langsung | +13,18% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Maret 2012 | BDN | F | 5.792 | $10,86 | $62.901 | 94.610 Langsung | -5,77% | Dilepas | -74,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Maret 2012 | BDN | M | 19.057 | $10,86 | $206.959 | 100.402 Langsung | +23,43% | Diakuisisi | -74,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 4 Mei 2011 | BDN | M | 13.080 | · | · | 28.248 Langsung | -31,65% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
Menampilkan 100 dari 167 transaksi terakhir
P = Pembelian pasar terbuka · S = Penjualan · A = Hibah/penghargaan · B = Pelaksanaan opsi · G = Hadiah · F = Pemotongan pajak
Transaksi orang dalam bukan merupakan rekomendasi; penjualan sering kali didorong oleh alasan likuiditas atau pajak.
Kepemilikan Derivatif (Formulir 4 Tabel II) Opsi, RSU, dan sekuritas konversi yang dilaporkan pada Formulir 4 Tabel II.
| Tanggal | Ticker | Sekuritas | Underlying | Harga Pelaksanaan | Kedaluwarsa | Saham | A/D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Nov. 2019 | BDN | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $11,89 | 2 Maret 2021 | 10.727 | Dilepas |
| 1 Nov. 2019 | BDN | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $11,31 | 4 Maret 2020 | 8.841 | Dilepas |
| 1 April 2013 | BDN | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $11,89 | 2 Maret 2021 | 21.455 | Dilepas |
| 7 Maret 2013 | BDN | Employee Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $11,31 | 4 Maret 2020 | 30.400 | Dilepas |
| 3 Agu 2012 | BDN | Employee Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Shares | $2,91 | 1 April 2019 | 14.472 | Dilepas |
| 14 Mei 2012 | BDN | Employee Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Shares | $2,91 | 1 April 2019 | 13.776 | Dilepas |
| 4 Mei 2011 | BDN | Employee Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Shares | $2,91 | 1 April 2019 | 13.080 | Dilepas |
| 2 Maret 2011 | BDN | Performance Shares | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $0,00 | · | 7.110 | Diakuisisi |
| 2 Maret 2011 | BDN | Stock Option (Right to Buy) [F2] | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $11,89 | 2 Maret 2021 | 32.182 | Diakuisisi |
| 4 Maret 2010 | BDN | Performance Shares [F5] | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $0,00 | · | 7.048 | Diakuisisi |
| 4 Maret 2010 | BDN | Stock Option (Right to Buy) [F2] | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $11,31 | 4 Maret 2020 | 39.241 | Diakuisisi |
| 1 April 2009 | BDN | Performance Shares [F4] | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $0,00 | · | 24.115 | Diakuisisi |
| 1 April 2009 | BDN | Stock Option (Right to Buy) [F2] | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $2,91 | 31 Maret 2019 | 41.328 | Diakuisisi |
| 8 April 2008 | BDN | Stock Option (Right to Buy) [F2] | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $20,61 | 8 April 2018 | 53.975 | Diakuisisi |
| 18 Maret 2008 | BDN | Phantom Stock [F3] | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $0,00 | 10 Feb. 2016 | 11.833 | Dilepas |
| 9 Feb. 2007 | BDN | Phantom Stock [F2] | Comm Shares of Beneficial Interest | · | 2 Mei 2015 | 1.672 | Diakuisisi |
| 9 Feb. 2007 | BDN | Phantom Stock [F2] | Comm Shares of Beneficial Interest | · | 2 Mei 2015 | 1.672 | Diakuisisi |
| 28 Agu 2006 | BDN | Performance Rights | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | · | · | 0 | Diakuisisi |
| 10 Feb. 2006 | BDN | Phantom Stock [F2] | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | · | 8 Agu 1988 | 1.229 | Diakuisisi |
| 29 Juli 2005 | BDN | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $29,04 | 30 Juni 2008 | 4.164 | Diakuisisi |
| 29 Juli 2005 | BDN | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $27,78 | 30 Juni 2008 | 3.857 | Diakuisisi |
| 29 Juli 2005 | BDN | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $29,04 | 31 Des. 2007 | 8.314 | Diakuisisi |
| 29 Juli 2005 | BDN | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $27,78 | 31 Des. 2007 | 7.708 | Diakuisisi |
| 9 Feb. 2005 | BDN | Phantom Stock [F2] | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | · | 8 Agu 1988 | 786 | Diakuisisi |
| 23 Nov. 2004 | BDN | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $25,25 | 30 Juni 2008 | 3.297 | Diakuisisi |
| 23 Nov. 2004 | BDN | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Shares of Beneficial Interest | $25,25 | 31 Des. 2007 | 6.587 | Diakuisisi |
| 11 Maret 2004 | BDN | Phantom Stock [F2] | Common Shares | · | 8 Agu 1988 | 694 | Diakuisisi |
Harga pelaksanaan/konversi kosong jika tidak berlaku (misalnya, RSU).
Kompensasi (DEF 14A)
Dicocokkan berdasarkan nama dari pernyataan proksi (DEF 14A) — verifikasi terhadap pengajuan.
| Tahun fiskal | Gaji | Bonus | Penghargaan saham | Penghargaan opsi | Insentif non-ekuitas | Perubahan Pensiun | Lainnya | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $428.450 | · | · | · | $385.605 | · | $10.500 | $1.744.547 |
| 2024 | $428.450 | · | · | · | $407.000 | · | $10.350 | $1.510.751 |
| 2020 | $414.167 | · | · | · | $373.500 | · | $5.130 | $1.519.048 |
Angka-angka dari Tabel Kompensasi Ringkasan dalam pernyataan proksi perusahaan (DEF 14A). Kompensasi bukan merupakan rekomendasi.