Patrick S Shannon
Orang Dalam
Pengajuan SEC Pertama: 5 Juni 2026 · Terbaru: 5 Juni 2026
Orang Dalam di
Transaksi orang dalam
0 beli (P)
0 jual (S)
Bersih: $0
Perubahan harga vs kuotasi saat ini, disesuaikan split untuk aksi korporasi sejak pengajuan — tidak dibenchmark, tidak diannualisasi, tidak dibobot berdasarkan ukuran
| Tanggal | Ticker | Kode | Saham | Harga | Nilai | Dimiliki setelah | Δ milik | A/D | vs sekarang |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28 Agu 2026 | ASTE | A | 18 | · | · | 9.799 Langsung | +0,18% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 Juni 2026 | MBC | A | 18.824 | · | · | 41.672 Langsung | +82,39% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 29 Mei 2026 | ASTE | A | 15 | · | · | 9.781 Langsung | +0,15% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 14 Mei 2026 | HRI | A | 1.035 | · | · | 1.355 Langsung | +323,44% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 27 April 2026 | ASTE | A | 2.365 | · | · | 9.766 Langsung | +31,96% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 31 Maret 2026 | ASTE | A | 9 | · | · | 7.401 Langsung | +0,12% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 1 Jan. 2026 | HRI | A | 320 | · | · | 320 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 26 Nov. 2025 | ASTE | A | 10 | · | · | 7.392 Langsung | +0,14% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 29 Agu 2025 | ASTE | A | 10 | · | · | 7.382 Langsung | +0,14% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 5 Juni 2025 | MBC | A | 13.069 | · | · | 22.848 Langsung | +133,64% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 30 Mei 2025 | ASTE | A | 12 | · | · | 7.372 Langsung | +0,16% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 28 April 2025 | ASTE | A | 3.532 | · | · | 7.360 Langsung | +92,27% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 31 Maret 2025 | ASTE | A | 11 | · | · | 3.828 Langsung | +0,29% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 27 Nov. 2024 | ASTE | A | 10 | · | · | 3.817 Langsung | +0,26% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 30 Agu 2024 | ASTE | A | 11 | · | · | 3.807 Langsung | +0,29% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 5 Juni 2024 | MBC | A | 8.344 | $16,18 | $135.006 | 9.779 Langsung | +581,46% | Diakuisisi | -56,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 31 Mei 2024 | ASTE | A | 12 | · | · | 3.796 Langsung | +0,32% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 26 April 2024 | ASTE | A | 2.943 | · | · | 3.784 Langsung | +349,94% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 29 Maret 2024 | ASTE | A | 2 | · | · | 841 Langsung | +0,24% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 25 Maret 2024 | MBC | A | 1.435 | $18,56 | $26.634 | 1.435 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | -62,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 26 Feb. 2024 | ASTE | A | 839 | · | · | 839 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Feb. 2022 | ALLE | F | 275 | $114,50 | $31.488 | 79.348 Langsung | -0,35% | Dilepas | 34,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2022 | ALLE | F | 221 | $114,50 | $25.304 | 79.623 Langsung | -0,28% | Dilepas | 34,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 18 Feb. 2022 | ALLE | F | 312 | $114,50 | $35.724 | 79.844 Langsung | -0,39% | Dilepas | 34,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 17 Feb. 2022 | ALLE | A | 8.671 | · | · | 80.156 Langsung | +12,13% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 Feb. 2022 | ALLE | F | 1.368 | $118,02 | $161.451 | 71.485 Langsung | -1,88% | Dilepas | 30,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 Feb. 2022 | ALLE | A | 4.623 | · | · | 72.853 Langsung | +6,78% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 26 Okt. 2021 | ALLE | M | 10.487 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 26 Okt. 2021 | ALLE | M | 5.760 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 26 Okt. 2021 | ALLE | S | 16.247 | $131,19 | $2.131.444 | 68.170 Langsung | -19,25% | Dilepas | 17,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 26 Okt. 2021 | ALLE | M | 10.487 | $57,85 | $606.673 | 84.417 Langsung | +14,19% | Diakuisisi | 166,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 26 Okt. 2021 | ALLE | M | 5.760 | $54,12 | $311.731 | 73.930 Langsung | +8,45% | Diakuisisi | 184,9% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 25 Okt. 2021 | ALLE | M | 3.826 | · | · | 5.760 Langsung | -39,91% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 25 Okt. 2021 | ALLE | S | 3.826 | $131,50 | $503.119 | 68.170 Langsung | -5,31% | Dilepas | 17,3% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 25 Okt. 2021 | ALLE | M | 3.826 | $54,12 | $207.063 | 71.996 Langsung | +5,61% | Diakuisisi | 184,9% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 22 Feb. 2021 | ALLE | F | 397 | $107,89 | $42.832 | 67.990 Langsung | -0,58% | Dilepas | 42,9% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Feb. 2021 | ALLE | F | 431 | $108,45 | $46.742 | 68.387 Langsung | -0,63% | Dilepas | 42,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2021 | ALLE | F | 347 | $108,45 | $37.632 | 68.818 Langsung | -0,50% | Dilepas | 42,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 18 Feb. 2021 | ALLE | A | 15.507 | · | · | 15.507 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 18 Feb. 2021 | ALLE | A | 3.551 | · | · | 69.165 Langsung | +5,41% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 4 Feb. 2021 | ALLE | F | 2.728 | $112,16 | $305.972 | 65.614 Langsung | -3,99% | Dilepas | 37,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 4 Feb. 2021 | ALLE | A | 9.204 | · | · | 68.342 Langsung | +15,56% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 22 Feb. 2020 | ALLE | F | 396 | $128,29 | $50.803 | 58.855 Langsung | -0,67% | Dilepas | 20,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Feb. 2020 | ALLE | F | 430 | $128,29 | $55.165 | 59.251 Langsung | -0,72% | Dilepas | 20,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2020 | ALLE | A | 12.686 | · | · | 12.686 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2020 | ALLE | A | 2.514 | · | · | 59.681 Langsung | +4,40% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 13 Feb. 2020 | ALLE | F | 407 | $136,93 | $55.731 | 57.167 Langsung | -0,71% | Dilepas | 12,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 6 Feb. 2020 | ALLE | F | 3.995 | $132,68 | $530.057 | 57.574 Langsung | -6,49% | Dilepas | 16,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 6 Feb. 2020 | ALLE | A | 11.716 | · | · | 61.569 Langsung | +23,50% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 25 Okt. 2019 | ALLE | M | 20.421 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 25 Okt. 2019 | ALLE | S | 20.421 | $114,55 | $2.339.226 | 49.806 Langsung | -29,08% | Dilepas | 34,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 25 Okt. 2019 | ALLE | M | 20.421 | $43,36 | $885.455 | 70.227 Langsung | +41,00% | Diakuisisi | 255,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 22 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | F | 395 | $89,04 | $35.171 | 49.633 Langsung | -0,79% | Dilepas | 73,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | A | 14.045 | · | · | 14.045 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 21 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | A | 3.123 | · | · | 50.028 Langsung | +6,66% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | M | 5.916 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | M | 5.916 | · | · | 5.916 Langsung | -50,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | M | 919 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | M | 8.970 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | S | 9.889 | $88,00 | $870.232 | 46.905 Langsung | -17,41% | Dilepas | 75,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | S | 25.009 | $87,22 | $2.181.285 | 56.794 Langsung | -30,57% | Dilepas | 76,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | M | 5.916 | $32,33 | $191.264 | 81.803 Langsung | +7,80% | Diakuisisi | 377,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | M | 5.916 | $32,33 | $191.264 | 75.887 Langsung | +8,45% | Diakuisisi | 377,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | M | 919 | $25,05 | $23.021 | 69.971 Langsung | +1,33% | Diakuisisi | 515,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | M | 8.970 | $25,02 | $224.429 | 69.052 Langsung | +14,93% | Diakuisisi | 516,3% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | F | 324 | $91,62 | $29.685 | 60.082 Langsung | -0,54% | Dilepas | 68,3% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 13 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | F | 259 | $93,28 | $24.160 | 60.406 Langsung | -0,43% | Dilepas | 65,3% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 6 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | F | 2.650 | $89,16 | $236.274 | 60.665 Langsung | -4,19% | Dilepas | 73,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 6 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | A | 9.142 | · | · | 63.315 Langsung | +16,88% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 9 Maret 2018 | ALLE | M | 1.559 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 9 Maret 2018 | ALLE | M | 3.806 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 9 Maret 2018 | ALLE | M | 2.835 | · | · | 0 Langsung | -100,00% | Dilepas | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 9 Maret 2018 | ALLE | S | 20.200 | $85,83 | $1.733.766 | 53.955 Langsung | -27,24% | Dilepas | 79,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 9 Maret 2018 | ALLE | M | 1.559 | $29,12 | $45.398 | 74.155 Langsung | +2,15% | Diakuisisi | 429,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 9 Maret 2018 | ALLE | M | 3.806 | $29,10 | $110.755 | 72.596 Langsung | +5,53% | Diakuisisi | 429,9% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 9 Maret 2018 | ALLE | M | 2.835 | $19,46 | $55.169 | 68.790 Langsung | +4,30% | Diakuisisi | 692,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 22 Feb. 2018 | ALLE | A | 11.743 | $86,93 | $1.020.819 | 11.743 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | 77,4% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 22 Feb. 2018 | ALLE | A | 2.876 | · | · | 65.955 Langsung | +4,56% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2018 | ALLE | F | 446 | $86,86 | $38.740 | 63.079 Langsung | -0,70% | Dilepas | 77,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Feb. 2018 | ALLE | F | 446 | $82,70 | $36.884 | 63.525 Langsung | -0,70% | Dilepas | 86,5% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 13 Feb. 2018 | ALLE | F | 287 | $79,67 | $22.865 | 63.971 Langsung | -0,45% | Dilepas | 93,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 31 Des. 2017 | ALLE | A | 11.540 | · | · | 67.924 Langsung | +20,47% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 31 Des. 2017 | ALLE | F | 3.709 | $79,56 | $295.088 | 64.215 Langsung | -5,46% | Dilepas | 93,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 31 Okt. 2017 | ALLE | G | 2.500 | $83,39 | $208.475 | 56.384 Langsung | -4,25% | Dilepas | 84,9% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 11 Maret 2017 | ALLE | F | 534 | $74,22 | $39.633 | 58.759 Langsung | -0,90% | Dilepas | 107,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2017 | ALLE | F | 500 | $73,08 | $36.540 | 59.293 Langsung | -0,84% | Dilepas | 111,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Feb. 2017 | ALLE | F | 499 | $72,50 | $36.178 | 59.793 Langsung | -0,83% | Dilepas | 112,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 13 Feb. 2017 | ALLE | A | 11.664 | $71,83 | $837.825 | 11.664 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | 114,7% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 13 Feb. 2017 | ALLE | A | 2.959 | · | · | 60.292 Langsung | +5,16% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 2 Feb. 2017 | ALLE | F | 5.245 | $65,40 | $343.023 | 57.333 Langsung | -8,38% | Dilepas | 135,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 2 Feb. 2017 | ALLE | A | 13.858 | · | · | 62.578 Langsung | +28,44% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 2 Feb. 2017 | ALLE | F | 2.371 | $65,40 | $155.063 | 48.720 Langsung | -4,64% | Dilepas | 135,8% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 2 Feb. 2017 | ALLE | A | 7.352 | · | · | 51.091 Langsung | +16,81% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 11 Maret 2016 | ALLE | F | 535 | $63,66 | $34.058 | 43.519 Langsung | -1,21% | Dilepas | 142,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 22 Feb. 2016 | ALLE | F | 392 | $60,24 | $23.614 | 44.054 Langsung | -0,88% | Dilepas | 156,0% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 20 Feb. 2016 | ALLE | F | 342 | $58,38 | $19.966 | 44.446 Langsung | -0,76% | Dilepas | 164,1% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Feb. 2016 | ALLE | A | 11.823 | $57,85 | $683.961 | 11.823 Langsung | · | Diakuisisi | 166,6% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 16 Feb. 2016 | ALLE | A | 3.242 | · | · | 44.788 Langsung | +7,80% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 Feb. 2016 | ALLE | F | 2.581 | $58,60 | $151.247 | 41.614 Langsung | -5,84% | Dilepas | 163,2% (harga per 2026-10-02) |
| 3 Feb. 2016 | ALLE | A | 8.008 | · | · | 44.195 Langsung | +22,13% | Diakuisisi | (harga per 2026-10-02) |
Menampilkan 100 dari 130 transaksi terakhir
P = Pembelian pasar terbuka · S = Penjualan · A = Hibah/penghargaan · B = Pelaksanaan opsi · G = Hadiah · F = Pemotongan pajak
Transaksi orang dalam bukan merupakan rekomendasi; penjualan sering kali didorong oleh alasan likuiditas atau pajak.
Kepemilikan Derivatif (Formulir 4 Tabel II) Opsi, RSU, dan sekuritas konversi yang dilaporkan pada Formulir 4 Tabel II.
| Tanggal | Ticker | Sekuritas | Underlying | Harga Pelaksanaan | Kedaluwarsa | Saham | A/D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 Mei 2026 | HRI | Phantom Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 1.035 | Diakuisisi |
| 1 Jan. 2026 | HRI | Phantom Stock | Common Stock | · | · | 320 | Diakuisisi |
| 26 Okt. 2021 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $57,85 | 20 Feb. 2025 | 10.487 | Dilepas |
| 26 Okt. 2021 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $54,12 | 11 Maret 2024 | 5.760 | Dilepas |
| 25 Okt. 2021 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $54,12 | 11 Maret 2024 | 3.826 | Dilepas |
| 18 Feb. 2021 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $109,14 | 18 Feb. 2031 | 15.507 | Diakuisisi |
| 20 Feb. 2020 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $129,32 | 20 Feb. 2030 | 12.686 | Diakuisisi |
| 25 Okt. 2019 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $43,36 | 13 Des. 2023 | 20.421 | Dilepas |
| 21 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $88,08 | 21 Feb. 2029 | 14.045 | Diakuisisi |
| 20 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $32,33 | 21 Feb. 2023 | 5.916 | Dilepas |
| 20 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $32,33 | 21 Feb. 2023 | 5.916 | Dilepas |
| 20 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $25,05 | 23 Feb. 2022 | 919 | Dilepas |
| 20 Feb. 2019 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $25,02 | 23 Feb. 2022 | 8.970 | Dilepas |
| 9 Maret 2018 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $29,12 | 13 Feb. 2021 | 1.559 | Dilepas |
| 9 Maret 2018 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $29,10 | 13 Feb. 2021 | 3.806 | Dilepas |
| 9 Maret 2018 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $19,46 | 15 Feb. 2020 | 2.835 | Dilepas |
| 22 Feb. 2018 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $86,93 | 22 Feb. 2028 | 11.743 | Diakuisisi |
| 13 Feb. 2017 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $71,83 | 13 Feb. 2027 | 11.664 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Feb. 2016 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $57,85 | 16 Feb. 2026 | 11.823 | Diakuisisi |
| 20 Feb. 2015 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $57,85 | 20 Feb. 2025 | 10.487 | Diakuisisi |
| 31 Maret 2014 | ALLE | Phantom Stock Units | Ordinary Shares | $0,00 | · | 11 | Diakuisisi |
| 11 Maret 2014 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $54,12 | 11 Maret 2024 | 9.586 | Diakuisisi |
| 13 Des. 2013 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $43,36 | 13 Des. 2023 | 20.421 | Diakuisisi |
| 2 Des. 2013 | ALLE | Phantom Stock Units | Ordinary Shares | $0,00 | · | 5.672 | Diakuisisi |
| 2 Des. 2013 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $25,02 | 23 Feb. 2022 | 8.970 | Diakuisisi |
| 2 Des. 2013 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $32,33 | 21 Feb. 2023 | 11.832 | Diakuisisi |
| 2 Des. 2013 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $29,10 | 13 Feb. 2021 | 3.806 | Diakuisisi |
| 2 Des. 2013 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $25,05 | 23 Feb. 2022 | 919 | Diakuisisi |
| 2 Des. 2013 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $29,12 | 13 Feb. 2021 | 1.559 | Diakuisisi |
| 2 Des. 2013 | ALLE | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Ordinary Shares | $19,46 | 15 Feb. 2020 | 2.835 | Diakuisisi |
Harga pelaksanaan/konversi kosong jika tidak berlaku (misalnya, RSU).
Kompensasi (DEF 14A)
Dicocokkan berdasarkan nama dari pernyataan proksi (DEF 14A) — verifikasi terhadap pengajuan.
| Tahun fiskal | Gaji | Bonus | Penghargaan saham | Penghargaan opsi | Insentif non-ekuitas | Perubahan Pensiun | Lainnya | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | $240.668 | · | · | · | $163.176 | $291.662 | · | $1.761.841 |
| 2021 | $584.800 | · | · | · | $529.084 | · | · | $2.778.521 |
| 2020 | $600.997 | · | · | · | $249.827 | $2.179.800 | · | $4.535.315 |
Angka-angka dari Tabel Kompensasi Ringkasan dalam pernyataan proksi perusahaan (DEF 14A). Kompensasi bukan merupakan rekomendasi.