Akash J. Palkhiwala
CIK 1786420 · Lihat di SEC EDGAR ↗
Pengajuan SEC Pertama: 27 Agu 2019 · Terbaru: 11 Juni 2026
Di halaman ini
- Orang Dalam di Perusahaan di mana orang ini adalah orang dalam yang melaporkan.
- Transaksi orang dalam Setiap saham yang dibeli atau dijual orang ini, dari pengajuan Formulir 4.
- Derivatif Opsi dan kepemilikan derivatif lainnya yang dilaporkan oleh orang ini.
- Kepemilikan Awal Kepemilikan yang dimiliki orang ini saat pertama kali mulai melaporkan.
- Kompensasi Gaji eksekutif yang diungkapkan dalam pernyataan proksi perusahaan.
Orang Dalam di
Transaksi orang dalam
Perubahan harga vs kuotasi saat ini, disesuaikan split untuk aksi korporasi sejak pengajuan — tidak dibenchmark, tidak diannualisasi, tidak dibobot berdasarkan ukuran
| Tanggal | Ticker | Kode | Saham | Harga | Nilai | Dimiliki setelah | Δ milik | A/D | vs sekarang |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 Agu 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 260 | $161,77 | $42.060 | 22.924 Langsung | -1,12% | Dilepas | -0,5% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Agu 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 748 | $162,56 | $121.595 | 22.176 Langsung | -3,26% | Dilepas | -1,0% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Agu 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 1.080 | $163,45 | $176.526 | 21.096 Langsung | -4,87% | Dilepas | -1,5% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Agu 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 248 | $164,73 | $40.853 | 20.848 Langsung | -1,18% | Dilepas | -2,3% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Agu 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 164 | $165,34 | $27.116 | 20.684 Langsung | -0,79% | Dilepas | -2,6% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 14 Juli 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 32 | $189,42 | $6.061 | 23.184 Langsung | -0,14% | Dilepas | -15,0% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 14 Juli 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 12 | $187,90 | $2.255 | 23.216 Langsung | -0,05% | Dilepas | -14,3% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 14 Juli 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 61 | $187,15 | $11.416 | 23.228 Langsung | -0,26% | Dilepas | -14,0% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 14 Juli 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 108 | $186,26 | $20.116 | 23.289 Langsung | -0,46% | Dilepas | -13,6% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 14 Juli 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 59 | $183,98 | $10.855 | 23.397 Langsung | -0,25% | Dilepas | -12,5% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 14 Juli 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 166 | $183,15 | $30.403 | 23.456 Langsung | -0,70% | Dilepas | -12,1% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 14 Juli 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 377 | $182,31 | $68.731 | 23.622 Langsung | -1,57% | Dilepas | -11,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 14 Juli 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 240 | $181,23 | $43.495 | 23.999 Langsung | -0,99% | Dilepas | -11,2% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 14 Juli 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 329 | $180,21 | $59.289 | 24.239 Langsung | -1,34% | Dilepas | -10,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 14 Juli 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 535 | $179,13 | $95.835 | 24.568 Langsung | -2,13% | Dilepas | -10,1% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 14 Juli 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 581 | $178,27 | $103.575 | 25.103 Langsung | -2,26% | Dilepas | -9,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 11 Juni 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 163 | $203,25 | $33.130 | 25.684 Langsung | -0,63% | Dilepas | -20,8% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 11 Juni 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 215 | $202,75 | $43.591 | 25.847 Langsung | -0,82% | Dilepas | -20,6% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 11 Juni 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 108 | $201,69 | $21.783 | 26.062 Langsung | -0,41% | Dilepas | -20,2% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 11 Juni 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 180 | $200,54 | $36.097 | 26.170 Langsung | -0,68% | Dilepas | -19,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 11 Juni 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 177 | $199,71 | $35.349 | 26.350 Langsung | -0,67% | Dilepas | -19,4% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 11 Juni 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 102 | $198,54 | $20.251 | 26.527 Langsung | -0,38% | Dilepas | -18,9% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 11 Juni 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 120 | $197,78 | $23.734 | 26.629 Langsung | -0,45% | Dilepas | -18,6% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 11 Juni 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 48 | $196,42 | $9.428 | 26.749 Langsung | -0,18% | Dilepas | -18,0% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 11 Juni 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 343 | $195,48 | $67.050 | 26.797 Langsung | -1,26% | Dilepas | -17,6% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 11 Juni 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 750 | $194,65 | $145.988 | 27.140 Langsung | -2,69% | Dilepas | -17,3% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 11 Juni 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 294 | $193,81 | $56.980 | 27.890 Langsung | -1,04% | Dilepas | -16,9% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 12 | $227,26 | $2.727 | 28.184 Langsung | -0,04% | Dilepas | -29,2% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 78 | $226,49 | $17.666 | 28.196 Langsung | -0,28% | Dilepas | -28,9% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 32 | $225,49 | $7.216 | 28.274 Langsung | -0,11% | Dilepas | -28,6% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 56 | $224,48 | $12.571 | 28.306 Langsung | -0,20% | Dilepas | -28,3% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 84 | $223,27 | $18.755 | 28.362 Langsung | -0,30% | Dilepas | -27,9% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 86 | $222,61 | $19.144 | 28.446 Langsung | -0,30% | Dilepas | -27,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 48 | $221,55 | $10.634 | 28.532 Langsung | -0,17% | Dilepas | -27,3% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 74 | $220,73 | $16.334 | 28.580 Langsung | -0,26% | Dilepas | -27,1% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 86 | $219,58 | $18.884 | 28.654 Langsung | -0,30% | Dilepas | -26,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 12 | $218,46 | $2.622 | 28.740 Langsung | -0,04% | Dilepas | -26,3% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 12 | $217,22 | $2.607 | 28.752 Langsung | -0,04% | Dilepas | -25,9% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 38 | $216,31 | $8.220 | 28.764 Langsung | -0,13% | Dilepas | -25,6% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 82 | $215,52 | $17.673 | 28.802 Langsung | -0,28% | Dilepas | -25,3% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 48 | $214,26 | $10.284 | 28.884 Langsung | -0,17% | Dilepas | -24,9% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 24 | $213,30 | $5.119 | 28.932 Langsung | -0,08% | Dilepas | -24,5% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 74 | $212,64 | $15.735 | 28.956 Langsung | -0,25% | Dilepas | -24,3% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 66 | $211,52 | $13.960 | 29.030 Langsung | -0,23% | Dilepas | -23,9% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 156 | $210,44 | $32.829 | 29.096 Langsung | -0,53% | Dilepas | -23,5% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 366 | $209,69 | $76.747 | 29.252 Langsung | -1,24% | Dilepas | -23,2% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 180 | $208,63 | $37.553 | 29.618 Langsung | -0,60% | Dilepas | -22,8% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 336 | $207,52 | $69.727 | 29.798 Langsung | -1,12% | Dilepas | -22,4% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 132 | $206,51 | $27.259 | 30.134 Langsung | -0,44% | Dilepas | -22,0% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 188 | $205,40 | $38.615 | 30.266 Langsung | -0,62% | Dilepas | -21,6% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 98 | $204,53 | $20.044 | 30.454 Langsung | -0,32% | Dilepas | -21,3% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 72 | $203,68 | $14.665 | 30.552 Langsung | -0,24% | Dilepas | -21,0% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Mei 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 60 | $202,47 | $12.148 | 30.624 Langsung | -0,20% | Dilepas | -20,5% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 13 April 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 529 | $131,17 | $69.389 | 30.684 Langsung | -1,69% | Dilepas | 22,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 13 April 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 1.971 | $130,12 | $256.467 | 31.213 Langsung | -5,94% | Dilepas | 23,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Maret 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 60 | $134,70 | $8.082 | 33.099 Langsung | -0,18% | Dilepas | 19,5% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Maret 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 363 | $134,11 | $48.682 | 33.159 Langsung | -1,08% | Dilepas | 20,1% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Maret 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 719 | $133,11 | $95.706 | 33.522 Langsung | -2,10% | Dilepas | 21,0% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Maret 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 397 | $132,05 | $52.424 | 34.241 Langsung | -1,15% | Dilepas | 21,9% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 12 Maret 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 961 | $131,03 | $125.920 | 34.638 Langsung | -2,70% | Dilepas | 22,9% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 6 Feb. 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 842 | $138,62 | $116.718 | 35.599 Langsung | -2,31% | Dilepas | 16,1% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 6 Feb. 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 1.259 | $137,91 | $173.629 | 36.441 Langsung | -3,34% | Dilepas | 16,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 6 Feb. 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 814 | $137,11 | $111.608 | 37.700 Langsung | -2,11% | Dilepas | 17,4% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 6 Feb. 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 418 | $136,01 | $56.852 | 38.514 Langsung | -1,07% | Dilepas | 18,4% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 2 Jan. 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 140 | $174,39 | $24.415 | 38.932 Langsung | -0,36% | Dilepas | -7,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 2 Jan. 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 1.594 | $173,63 | $276.766 | 39.072 Langsung | -3,92% | Dilepas | -7,3% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 2 Jan. 2026 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 1.599 | $172,89 | $276.451 | 40.666 Langsung | -3,78% | Dilepas | -6,9% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 19 Des. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 84 | $177,01 | $14.869 | 42.265 Langsung | -0,20% | Dilepas | -9,0% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 19 Des. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 1.263 | $176,35 | $222.730 | 42.349 Langsung | -2,90% | Dilepas | -8,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 19 Des. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 1.191 | $175,45 | $208.961 | 43.612 Langsung | -2,66% | Dilepas | -8,2% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 18 Des. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 74 | $176,95 | $13.094 | 44.803 Langsung | -0,16% | Dilepas | -9,0% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 18 Des. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 2.181 | $175,93 | $383.703 | 44.877 Langsung | -4,63% | Dilepas | -8,5% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 18 Des. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 4.943 | $175,16 | $865.816 | 47.058 Langsung | -9,51% | Dilepas | -8,1% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 18 Des. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 2.802 | $174,36 | $488.557 | 52.001 Langsung | -5,11% | Dilepas | -7,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 7 Nov. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 84 | $173,64 | $14.586 | 33.208 Langsung | -0,25% | Dilepas | -7,3% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 7 Nov. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 174 | $172,55 | $30.024 | 33.292 Langsung | -0,52% | Dilepas | -6,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 7 Nov. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 436 | $171,92 | $74.957 | 33.466 Langsung | -1,29% | Dilepas | -6,4% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 7 Nov. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 514 | $170,78 | $87.781 | 33.902 Langsung | -1,49% | Dilepas | -5,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 7 Nov. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 1.245 | $169,96 | $211.600 | 34.416 Langsung | -3,49% | Dilepas | -5,3% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 7 Nov. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 880 | $169,03 | $148.746 | 35.661 Langsung | -2,41% | Dilepas | -4,8% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 20 Okt. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 4.779 | $167,10 | $798.571 | 36.541 Langsung | -11,57% | Dilepas | -3,7% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 20 Okt. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 816 | $166,02 | $135.472 | 41.320 Langsung | -1,94% | Dilepas | -3,0% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 20 Okt. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 842 | $165,03 | $138.955 | 42.136 Langsung | -1,96% | Dilepas | -2,4% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 20 Okt. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 1.616 | $164,12 | $265.218 | 42.978 Langsung | -3,62% | Dilepas | -1,9% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
| 20 Okt. 2025 | QCOM | S 10b5-1 | 282 | $162,91 | $45.941 | 44.594 Langsung | -0,63% | Dilepas | -1,2% (harga per 2026-08-21) |
Menampilkan 100 dari 151 transaksi terakhir
P = Pembelian pasar terbuka · S = Penjualan · A = Hibah/penghargaan · B = Pelaksanaan opsi · G = Hadiah · F = Pemotongan pajak
Transaksi orang dalam bukan merupakan rekomendasi; penjualan sering kali didorong oleh alasan likuiditas atau pajak.
Kepemilikan Derivatif (Formulir 4 Tabel II)
Opsi, RSU, dan sekuritas konversi yang dilaporkan pada Formulir 4 Tabel II.
| Tanggal | Ticker | Sekuritas | Underlying | Harga Pelaksanaan | Kedaluwarsa | Saham | A/D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 Des. 2025 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (2.724) | — | 15 Des. 2026 | 2.724 | Dilepas |
| 15 Des. 2025 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (6.999) | — | 15 Des. 2026 | 6.999 | Dilepas |
| 15 Des. 2025 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (8.537) | — | 15 Des. 2025 | 8.537 | Dilepas |
| 23 Okt. 2025 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (28.353) | — | 31 Okt. 2028 | 28.353 | Diakuisisi |
| 15 Okt. 2025 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (8.111) | — | 15 Okt. 2027 | 8.111 | Dilepas |
| 1 Okt. 2021 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (5.225) | — | 1 Okt. 2023 | 5.225 | Dilepas |
| 23 Sep. 2021 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (14.338) | — | 1 Okt. 2024 | 14.338 | Diakuisisi |
| 23 Agu 2021 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (14.318) | — | 23 Agu 2022 | 14.318 | Dilepas |
| 20 Mei 2021 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (1.914) | — | 20 Nov. 2022 | 1.914 | Dilepas |
| 20 Mei 2021 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (2.361) | — | 20 Nov. 2021 | 2.361 | Dilepas |
| 20 Mei 2021 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (4.767) | — | 20 Mei 2021 | 4.767 | Dilepas |
| 20 Nov. 2020 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (3.791) | — | 20 Nov. 2022 | 3.791 | Dilepas |
| 20 Nov. 2020 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (2.339) | — | 20 Nov. 2021 | 2.339 | Dilepas |
| 20 Nov. 2020 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (2.471) | — | 20 Nov. 2020 | 2.471 | Dilepas |
| 23 Sep. 2020 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (15.375) | — | 1 Okt. 2023 | 15.375 | Diakuisisi |
| 23 Agu 2020 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (14.033) | — | 23 Agu 2022 | 14.033 | Dilepas |
| 20 Mei 2020 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (2.307) | — | 20 Nov. 2021 | 2.307 | Dilepas |
| 20 Mei 2020 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (4.660) | — | 20 Mei 2021 | 4.660 | Dilepas |
| 20 Mei 2020 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (2.439) | — | 20 Nov. 2020 | 2.439 | Dilepas |
| 20 Nov. 2019 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (4.541) | — | 20 Nov. 2021 | 4.541 | Dilepas |
| 20 Nov. 2019 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (2.400) | — | 20 Nov. 2020 | 2.400 | Dilepas |
| 20 Nov. 2019 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (1.917) | — | 20 Nov. 2019 | 1.917 | Dilepas |
| 30 Okt. 2019 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (11.052) | — | 20 Nov. 2022 | 11.052 | Diakuisisi |
| 23 Agu 2019 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit | Common Stock (40.806) | — | 23 Agu 2022 | 40.806 | Diakuisisi |
Harga pelaksanaan/konversi kosong jika tidak berlaku (misalnya, RSU).
Kepemilikan Awal (Formulir 3) 6 saham
Sekuritas yang dipegang saat pertama kali menjadi orang dalam, sesuai Formulir 3 SEC.
| Tanggal | Ticker | Sekuritas | Saham | Kepemilikan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 Agu 2019 | QCOM | Common Stock | 18.462 | Langsung |
| 27 Agu 2019 | QCOM | Phantom Stock Unit [F1]→ Common Stock (2.510) | 2.510 | Tidak Langsung |
| 27 Agu 2019 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit→ Common Stock (1.901) | 1.901 | Langsung |
| 27 Agu 2019 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit→ Common Stock (7.144) | 7.144 | Langsung |
| 27 Agu 2019 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit→ Common Stock (9.101) | 9.101 | Langsung |
| 27 Agu 2019 | QCOM | Restricted Stock Unit→ Common Stock (13.519) | 13.519 | Langsung |
Kompensasi (DEF 14A)
Dicocokkan berdasarkan nama dari pernyataan proksi (DEF 14A) — verifikasi terhadap pengajuan.
| Tahun fiskal | Gaji | Bonus | Penghargaan saham | Penghargaan opsi | Insentif non-ekuitas | Perubahan Pensiun | Lainnya | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $928.654 | $250.000 | $5.150.312 | — | $1.500.000 | — | $199.190 | $8.028.156 |
| 2019 | $540.607 | $250.000 | $3.837.614 | — | $291.200 | — | $42.998 | $4.962.419 |
Angka-angka dari Tabel Kompensasi Ringkasan dalam pernyataan proksi perusahaan (DEF 14A). Kompensasi bukan merupakan rekomendasi.