Stephen Trundle
CIK 1643898 · Lihat di SEC EDGAR ↗
Orang Dalam
Pengajuan SEC Pertama: 25 Juni 2015 · Terbaru: 28 Mei 2026
Di halaman ini
- Orang Dalam di Perusahaan di mana orang ini adalah orang dalam yang melaporkan.
- Transaksi orang dalam Setiap saham yang dibeli atau dijual orang ini, dari pengajuan Formulir 4.
- Derivatif Opsi dan kepemilikan derivatif lainnya yang dilaporkan oleh orang ini.
- Kepemilikan Awal Kepemilikan yang dimiliki orang ini saat pertama kali mulai melaporkan.
- Kompensasi Gaji eksekutif yang diungkapkan dalam pernyataan proksi perusahaan.
Orang Dalam di
Transaksi orang dalam
4 beli (P)
2 jual (S)
Bersih:
$863.165
+ 35 transaksi non-pasar di bawah
Rata-rata imbal hasil pembelian terbuka vs sekarang:
18,2%
12 bulan terakhir, berdasarkan transaksi yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini
Perubahan harga vs kuotasi saat ini, disesuaikan split untuk aksi korporasi sejak pengajuan — tidak dibenchmark, tidak diannualisasi, tidak dibobot berdasarkan ukuran
35 pengajuan lain disembunyikan
| Tanggal | Ticker | Kode | Saham | Harga | Nilai | Dimiliki setelah | Δ milik | A/D | vs sekarang |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 Mei 2026 | ALRM | S | 6.073 | $43,78 | $265.876 | 324.842 Langsung | -1,84% | Dilepas | 30,9% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 18 Mei 2026 | ALRM | S | 2.944 | $43,56 | $128.241 | 330.915 Langsung | -0,88% | Dilepas | 31,5% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 20 Nov. 2025 | ALRM | P | 100 | $48,66 | $4.866 | 1.315.343 Tidak Langsung | +0,01% | Diakuisisi | 17,7% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 20 Nov. 2025 | ALRM | P | 9.900 | $48,06 | $475.794 | 1.315.243 Tidak Langsung | +0,76% | Diakuisisi | 19,2% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 19 Nov. 2025 | ALRM | P | 12.469 | $48,53 | $605.121 | 1.305.343 Tidak Langsung | +0,96% | Diakuisisi | 18,1% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 18 Nov. 2025 | ALRM | P | 3.531 | $48,57 | $171.501 | 1.292.874 Tidak Langsung | +0,27% | Diakuisisi | 18,0% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 23 Mei 2025 | ALRM | S | 3.644 | $56,66 | $206.469 | 268.859 Langsung | -1,34% | Dilepas | 1,1% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 16 Mei 2025 | ALRM | S | 3.626 | $59,51 | $215.783 | 247.503 Langsung | -1,44% | Dilepas | -3,7% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 2 April 2025 | ALRM | S | 1.553 | $55,49 | $86.176 | 251.129 Langsung | -0,61% | Dilepas | 3,3% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 10 Des. 2024 | ALRM | S | 1.999 | $68,81 | $137.551 | 252.682 Langsung | -0,78% | Dilepas | -16,7% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 10 Des. 2024 | ALRM | S | 45.501 | $68,15 | $3.100.893 | 254.681 Langsung | -15,16% | Dilepas | -15,9% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 2 April 2024 | ALRM | S | 3.217 | $70,00 | $225.190 | 234.449 Langsung | -1,35% | Dilepas | -18,1% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 23 Feb. 2024 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 49.400 | $73,79 | $3.645.226 | 1.289.943 Tidak Langsung | -3,69% | Dilepas | -22,4% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 23 Feb. 2024 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 600 | $74,47 | $44.682 | 1.289.343 Tidak Langsung | -0,05% | Dilepas | -23,1% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 16 Mei 2023 | ALRM | S | 4.694 | $48,82 | $229.161 | 217.666 Langsung | -2,11% | Dilepas | 17,4% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 3 April 2023 | ALRM | S | 169 | $50,08 | $8.464 | 222.360 Langsung | -0,08% | Dilepas | 14,4% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 3 April 2023 | ALRM | S | 4.618 | $49,62 | $229.145 | 222.529 Langsung | -2,03% | Dilepas | 15,5% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 16 Mei 2022 | ALRM | S | 462 | $58,21 | $26.893 | 227.147 Langsung | -0,20% | Dilepas | -1,6% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 16 Mei 2022 | ALRM | S | 1.930 | $57,70 | $111.361 | 227.609 Langsung | -0,84% | Dilepas | -0,7% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 4 April 2022 | ALRM | S | 5.305 | $67,84 | $359.891 | 204.539 Langsung | -2,53% | Dilepas | -15,5% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 6 Des. 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 1.717 | $79,66 | $136.776 | 209.844 Langsung | -0,81% | Dilepas | -28,1% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 6 Des. 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 19.821 | $79,20 | $1.569.823 | 211.561 Langsung | -8,57% | Dilepas | -27,7% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 6 Des. 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 3.462 | $78,30 | $271.075 | 231.382 Langsung | -1,47% | Dilepas | -26,8% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 22 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | S | 4.053 | $84,16 | $341.100 | 1.591.373 Tidak Langsung | -0,25% | Dilepas | -31,9% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 22 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | S | 9.222 | $83,40 | $769.115 | 1.595.426 Tidak Langsung | -0,57% | Dilepas | -31,3% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 19 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | S | 105 | $84,52 | $8.875 | 1.604.648 Tidak Langsung | -0,01% | Dilepas | -32,2% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 19 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | S | 2.804 | $83,56 | $234.302 | 1.604.753 Tidak Langsung | -0,17% | Dilepas | -31,4% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 18 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | S | 3.410 | $83,41 | $284.428 | 1.607.557 Tidak Langsung | -0,21% | Dilepas | -31,3% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 17 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | S | 300 | $85,38 | $25.614 | 1.610.967 Tidak Langsung | -0,02% | Dilepas | -32,9% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 17 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | S | 7.581 | $84,63 | $641.580 | 1.611.267 Tidak Langsung | -0,47% | Dilepas | -32,3% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 16 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | S | 9.158 | $85,01 | $778.522 | 1.618.848 Tidak Langsung | -0,56% | Dilepas | -32,6% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 16 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | S | 13.267 | $84,08 | $1.115.489 | 1.628.006 Tidak Langsung | -0,81% | Dilepas | -31,9% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 15 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | S | 10.477 | $83,34 | $873.153 | 247.264 Langsung | -4,06% | Dilepas | -31,3% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 15 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | S | 100 | $85,15 | $8.515 | 1.641.273 Tidak Langsung | -0,01% | Dilepas | -32,7% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 12 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 14.653 | $85,59 | $1.254.150 | 257.741 Langsung | -5,38% | Dilepas | -33,1% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 11 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 7.222 | $85,34 | $616.325 | 265.616 Langsung | -2,65% | Dilepas | -32,9% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 9 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 1.000 | $90,19 | $90.190 | 265.616 Langsung | -0,38% | Dilepas | -36,5% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 11 Okt. 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 25.000 | $77,66 | $1.941.500 | 265.616 Langsung | -8,60% | Dilepas | -26,2% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 19 Agu 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 24.400 | $77,27 | $1.885.388 | 265.616 Langsung | -8,41% | Dilepas | -25,9% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 19 Agu 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 600 | $75,96 | $45.576 | 290.016 Langsung | -0,21% | Dilepas | -24,6% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 7 Juni 2021 | ALRM | S | 10.318 | $80,35 | $829.051 | 260.944 Tidak Langsung | -3,80% | Dilepas | -28,7% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 7 Juni 2021 | ALRM | S | 1.257 | $80,83 | $101.603 | 259.687 Tidak Langsung | -0,48% | Dilepas | -29,1% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 4 Juni 2021 | ALRM | S | 8.425 | $79,80 | $672.315 | 271.262 Tidak Langsung | -3,01% | Dilepas | -28,2% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 2 Juni 2021 | ALRM | S | 6.655 | $82,05 | $546.043 | 1.641.373 Tidak Langsung | -0,40% | Dilepas | -30,2% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 1 Juni 2021 | ALRM | S | 203 | $82,44 | $16.735 | 1.648.028 Tidak Langsung | -0,01% | Dilepas | -30,5% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 1 Juni 2021 | ALRM | S | 20.860 | $81,78 | $1.705.931 | 1.648.231 Tidak Langsung | -1,25% | Dilepas | -29,9% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 28 Mei 2021 | ALRM | S | 12.561 | $81,97 | $1.029.625 | 1.669.091 Tidak Langsung | -0,75% | Dilepas | -30,1% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 14 Mei 2021 | ALRM | S | 14.087 | $82,29 | $1.159.219 | 1.681.652 Tidak Langsung | -0,83% | Dilepas | -30,4% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 11 Mei 2021 | ALRM | S | 298 | $84,82 | $25.276 | 1.695.739 Tidak Langsung | -0,02% | Dilepas | -32,5% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 11 Mei 2021 | ALRM | S | 14.953 | $84,17 | $1.258.594 | 1.696.037 Tidak Langsung | -0,87% | Dilepas | -31,9% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 7 Mei 2021 | ALRM | S | 4.870 | $86,55 | $421.498 | 1.710.990 Tidak Langsung | -0,28% | Dilepas | -33,8% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 7 Mei 2021 | ALRM | S | 12.906 | $86,21 | $1.112.626 | 1.715.860 Tidak Langsung | -0,75% | Dilepas | -33,5% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 7 Mei 2021 | ALRM | S | 12.607 | $84,98 | $1.071.343 | 1.728.766 Tidak Langsung | -0,72% | Dilepas | -32,6% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 22 April 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 1.191 | $91,42 | $108.881 | 240.616 Langsung | -0,49% | Dilepas | -37,3% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 22 April 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 10.809 | $90,49 | $978.106 | 241.807 Langsung | -4,28% | Dilepas | -36,7% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 22 April 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 8.000 | $89,71 | $717.680 | 252.616 Langsung | -3,07% | Dilepas | -36,1% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 5 April 2021 | ALRM | S | 408 | $87,92 | $35.871 | 240.616 Langsung | -0,17% | Dilepas | -34,8% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 5 April 2021 | ALRM | S | 6.717 | $87,36 | $586.797 | 241.024 Langsung | -2,71% | Dilepas | -34,4% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 15 Jan. 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 3.950 | $97,54 | $385.283 | 268.791 Langsung | -1,45% | Dilepas | -41,3% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 15 Jan. 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 5.100 | $98,36 | $501.636 | 263.691 Langsung | -1,90% | Dilepas | -41,7% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 15 Jan. 2021 | ALRM | S 10b5-1 | 5.950 | $99,98 | $594.881 | 257.741 Langsung | -2,26% | Dilepas | -42,7% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 18 Nov. 2020 | ALRM | S | 5.926 | $71,24 | $422.168 | 1.751.235 Tidak Langsung | -0,34% | Dilepas | -19,6% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 18 Nov. 2020 | ALRM | S | 17.435 | $70,67 | $1.232.131 | 1.757.161 Tidak Langsung | -0,98% | Dilepas | -18,9% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 17 Nov. 2020 | ALRM | S | 626 | $70,81 | $44.327 | 1.774.596 Tidak Langsung | -0,04% | Dilepas | -19,1% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
| 17 Nov. 2020 | ALRM | S | 28.513 | $70,19 | $2.001.327 | 1.775.222 Tidak Langsung | -1,58% | Dilepas | -18,4% (harga per 2026-08-20) |
Menampilkan 100 dari 211 transaksi terakhir
P = Pembelian pasar terbuka · S = Penjualan · A = Hibah/penghargaan · B = Pelaksanaan opsi · G = Hadiah · F = Pemotongan pajak
Transaksi orang dalam bukan merupakan rekomendasi; penjualan sering kali didorong oleh alasan likuiditas atau pajak.
Kepemilikan Derivatif (Formulir 4 Tabel II)
Opsi, RSU, dan sekuritas konversi yang dilaporkan pada Formulir 4 Tabel II.
| Tanggal | Ticker | Sekuritas | Underlying | Harga Pelaksanaan | Kedaluwarsa | Saham | A/D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 Mei 2025 | ALRM | Employee Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (40.000) | $56,94 | 21 Mei 2035 | 40.000 | Diakuisisi |
| 10 Des. 2024 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (47.500) | $21,70 | 14 Mei 2026 | 47.500 | Dilepas |
| 22 Mei 2024 | ALRM | Employee Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (30.000) | $67,02 | 21 Mei 2034 | 30.000 | Diakuisisi |
| 22 Mei 2023 | ALRM | Employee Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (30.000) | $51,50 | 22 Mei 2033 | 30.000 | Diakuisisi |
| 15 Mei 2022 | ALRM | Employee Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (30.000) | $59,10 | 14 Mei 2032 | 30.000 | Diakuisisi |
| 6 Des. 2021 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (25.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 25.000 | Dilepas |
| 12 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (6.778) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 6.778 | Dilepas |
| 11 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (7.222) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 7.222 | Dilepas |
| 9 Nov. 2021 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (1.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 1.000 | Dilepas |
| 11 Okt. 2021 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (25.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 25.000 | Dilepas |
| 19 Agu 2021 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (25.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 25.000 | Dilepas |
| 15 Mei 2021 | ALRM | Employee Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (30.000) | $82,51 | 14 Mei 2031 | 30.000 | Diakuisisi |
| 22 April 2021 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (20.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 20.000 | Dilepas |
| 15 Jan. 2021 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (15.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 15.000 | Dilepas |
| 9 Nov. 2020 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (15.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 15.000 | Dilepas |
| 25 Agu 2020 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (15.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 15.000 | Dilepas |
| 24 Agu 2020 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (10.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 10.000 | Dilepas |
| 8 April 2020 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (35.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 35.000 | Dilepas |
| 1 April 2020 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (30.000) | $37,94 | 31 Maret 2030 | 30.000 | Diakuisisi |
| 13 Jan. 2020 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (20.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 20.000 | Dilepas |
| 15 Nov. 2019 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (5.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 5.000 | Dilepas |
| 14 Nov. 2019 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (10.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 10.000 | Dilepas |
| 19 Agu 2019 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (20.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 20.000 | Dilepas |
| 22 April 2019 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (20.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 20.000 | Dilepas |
| 8 April 2019 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (15.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 15.000 | Dilepas |
| 1 April 2019 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (30.000) | $65,03 | 31 Maret 2029 | 30.000 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Jan. 2019 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (1.200) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 1.200 | Dilepas |
| 15 Jan. 2019 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (10.000) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 10.000 | Dilepas |
| 14 Jan. 2019 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (18.800) | $4,00 | 30 Des. 2023 | 18.800 | Dilepas |
| 15 Nov. 2018 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (15.000) | $3,89 | 11 Juli 2022 | 15.000 | Dilepas |
| 15 Agu 2018 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (15.000) | $3,89 | 11 Juli 2022 | 15.000 | Dilepas |
| 18 Juni 2018 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (7.193) | $3,89 | 11 Juli 2022 | 7.193 | Dilepas |
| 15 Juni 2018 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (15.000) | $3,89 | 11 Juli 2022 | 15.000 | Dilepas |
| 1 April 2018 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (30.000) | $37,74 | 31 Maret 2028 | 30.000 | Diakuisisi |
| 16 Maret 2018 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (20.000) | $3,89 | 11 Juli 2022 | 20.000 | Dilepas |
| 15 Maret 2018 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (2.500) | $21,70 | 14 Mei 2026 | 2.500 | Dilepas |
| 15 Maret 2018 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (5.000) | $3,89 | 11 Juli 2022 | 5.000 | Dilepas |
| 29 Agu 2017 | ALRM | Employee Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (38.592) | $0,41 | 30 Juni 2019 | 38.592 | Dilepas |
| 15 Mei 2017 | ALRM | Employee Stock Option (Right to Buy) | Common Stock (50.000) | $32,17 | 14 Mei 2027 | 50.000 | Diakuisisi |
| 15 Mei 2016 | ALRM | Stock Option (right to buy) | Common Stock (50.000) | — | 14 Mei 2026 | 50.000 | Diakuisisi |
| 1 Juli 2015 | ALRM | Series B-1 Preferred Stock | Common Stock (574.641) | — | — | 63.849 | Dilepas |
| 1 Juli 2015 | ALRM | Series A Preferred Stock | Common Stock (1.566.594) | — | — | 174.066 | Dilepas |
Harga pelaksanaan/konversi kosong jika tidak berlaku (misalnya, RSU).
Kepemilikan Awal (Formulir 3) 8 saham
Sekuritas yang dipegang saat pertama kali menjadi orang dalam, sesuai Formulir 3 SEC.
| Tanggal | Ticker | Sekuritas | Saham | Kepemilikan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 Juni 2015 | ALRM | Common Stock | 126.901 | Langsung |
| 25 Juni 2015 | ALRM | Common Stock | 250.000 | Tidak Langsung |
| 25 Juni 2015 | ALRM | Common Stock | 250.000 | Tidak Langsung |
| 25 Juni 2015 | ALRM | Series A Preferred Stock→ Common Stock (1.566.594) | 1.566.594 | Tidak Langsung |
| 25 Juni 2015 | ALRM | Series B-1 Preferred Stock→ Common Stock (574.641) | 574.641 | Tidak Langsung |
| 25 Juni 2015 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy)→ Common Stock (38.592) | 38.592 | Langsung |
| 25 Juni 2015 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy)→ Common Stock (77.193) | 77.193 | Langsung |
| 25 Juni 2015 | ALRM | Stock Option (Right to Buy)→ Common Stock (320.000) | 320.000 | Langsung |
Kompensasi (DEF 14A)
Dicocokkan berdasarkan nama dari pernyataan proksi (DEF 14A) — verifikasi terhadap pengajuan.
| Tahun fiskal | Gaji | Bonus | Penghargaan saham | Penghargaan opsi | Insentif non-ekuitas | Perubahan Pensiun | Lainnya | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $210.000 | — | $948.500 | $471.641 | $260.000 | — | — | $1.890.141 |
| 2019 | $210.000 | — | $1.625.750 | $947.164 | $237.500 | — | — | $3.020.414 |
| 2018 | $210.000 | — | — | — | $232.500 | — | $4.000 | $1.941.144 |
Angka-angka dari Tabel Kompensasi Ringkasan dalam pernyataan proksi perusahaan (DEF 14A). Kompensasi bukan merupakan rekomendasi.