HDB HDFC Bank Limited Common Stock

HDFC Bank Limited is an Indian banking and financial services company headquartered in Mumbai. Incorporated in August 1994, it officially commenced operations in January 1995 upon receiving its banking license from Reserve Bank of India. It is India's largest private sector bank by assets and market capitalisation. In 2025 HDFC became the 10th largest bank in the world by market capitalisation. As of 2026, HDFC is the first out of the 10 most valuable banks in India.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has identified the HDFC Bank, State Bank of India, and ICICI Bank as Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs), which are often referred to as banks that are “too big to fail”.

As of April 2026, HDFC Bank has a market capitalization of $137.15 billion. And as of April 2024, HDFC Bank has a market capitalization of $145 billion making it the third-largest company on the Indian stock exchanges. In 2023, it was the sixteenth largest employer in India with over 173,000 employees, after its takeover of parent company Housing Development Finance Corporation.

History

HDFC Bank was incorporated in 1994 as a subsidiary of HDFC Ltd, under the leadership of Deepak Parekh, nephew of HDFC Ltd's founder H.T Parekh. the parent company. which received an 'in principle' approval from the RBI to set up a bank in the Private Sector as part of its liberalisation of the Indian banking industry. Aditya Puri was appointed as its first managing director to lead the newly formed institution. The bank commenced operations in January 1995, with its registered office in Mumbai. Its first corporate office and a full-service branch at Sandoz House, Worli, was inaugurated by the then Union Finance Minister, Manmohan Singh.

In July 2001, HDFC Bank's ADS listed on the New York Stock Exchange after an IPO.

In 2008, HDFC Bank acquired the Centurion Bank of Punjab (CBoP) for ₹9,510 crore (US$2.19 billion) in a share-swap deal, reportedly the largest acquisition in the Indian financial sector at the time.

In 2021, the bank acquired a 9.99% stake in Ferbine, an entity promoted by Tata Group, to operate a pan-India umbrella entity for retail payment systems, similar to the National Payments Corporation of India.

HDFC Ltd–HDFC Bank merger

On 4 April 2022, HDFC Ltd announced that it would merge with HDFC Bank, marking India's largest-ever M&A deal. As part of the merger, HDFC Ltd would transfer its home loan portfolio to HDFC Bank, while the bank offered depositors of HDFC Ltd the choice of either withdrawing their money or renewing their deposits with the bank at the interest rate that the bank was then offering.

On 1 July 2023, the merger of HDFC Ltd with HDFC Bank was completed. Consequently, HDFC Bank had a market capitalisation of $154 billion, becoming the seventh most valuable bank in the world. HDFC Bank also became one of the world's top 100 banking companies by total assets.

The combined entity had a customer base of 12 crore (120 million), surpassing the population of Germany in size. The merger resulted in a substantial increase in bank headcount, with the workforce totaling 1.77 lakh (177k) employees. The merged entity became the second-largest bank in India, trailing only the State Bank of India in terms of assets. The number of branches increased to 8,300.

Shares of HDFC Ltd were delisted and shareholders were allotted 42 shares of HDFC Bank for every 25 shares of HDFC Ltd held, leading to an increase in the equity capital of HDFC Bank.

By March 2025, this bank reported a 5.4% increase in year-on-year (YoY) surge in its advances to ₹28.2 lakh crore. During this time period (of FY25), the bank reflected the results of the first full year of operation since the merger on July 1, 2023. Post the merger, the bank was able to keep a healthy growth, all while maintaining asset quality. A net profit of ₹67,347.4 during the March FY25 quarter, increasing YoY by 10.7% and the net interest income grew by 13%.

Operations

As of June 30,2026, HDFC Bank's distribution network included 9,694 branches and 20,958 ATMs (cash recyclers; cash deposit and withdrawal) spread throughout 4,175 cities and villages.

HDFC Bank is the sole private bank operating in the union territory of Lakshadweep after opening a branch in Kavaratti island.

The Bank's international operations comprises five branches, located in Bahrain, Dubai, Hong Kong and Singapore and an IFSC Banking Unit in Gujarat International Finance Tec-City. Additionally, it has four representative offices in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, London and Nairobi respectively.

Employees

During the FY26 quarter, the bank reduced its workforce by 3343 employees. The total workforce of the bank reduced from 2,14,521 to 2,11,178, by March 2026. This mainly targeted non-supervisory roles, and the number of workmen, clerical and subordinate staff reduced from 1,70,950 in FY25 to 1,62,797 in FY26.

The top voices of the bank opined that this was to elevate the experience of banking by combining human experience with technological innovation, by automating operations via technology. By integrating AI with HR digital solutions, the processes will be simplified, self-services will be made prominent, and a seamless employee journey would be ensured. This technology-led transformation was backed by the Managing Director and CEO of the bank, Sashidhar Jagdishan, who opined that the employees must evolve alongside the organisation. The employees were supported for technological upskilling; around 50,631 employees were trained through the bank's GenAI Academy and other AI programmes. Around twenty thousand employees were also trained in Microsoft Copilot training.

Though the total workforce saw a decline, there was an increase in the management roles. Multiple employees were welcomed into senior, middle-management and junior management roles- about a 1000 employees were welcomed into middle-management roles, while junior management roles saw an increase by 3000 employees.

FY26 showed significant changes in diversity metrics as well. 27% of the workforce was women - the representation of women in STEM roles amounted to 27% and the women in management roles occupied 16% of the total roles.

Subsidiaries and associates

Notable subsidiaries and associate companies of HDFC Bank include:

Listings and shareholding

The equity shares of HDFC Bank are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India. Its American depositary receipts are listed on the NYSE.

Its global depository receipts (GDRs) were listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange but were terminated by the board of directors, following its low trading volume.

Controversies

On 2 December 2020, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) ordered HDFC Bank to temporarily halt the issuance of new credit cards and all planned activities under the bank's Digital 2.0 program, citing incidents of outages in the bank's internet banking, mobile banking and payment utility services.

On 29 January 2020, RBI imposed a monetary penalty on HDFC Bank for failure to undertake ongoing due diligence in case of 39 current accounts opened for bidding in the initial public offer.

A HDFC Bank manager was arrested on charges of fraud, involving a sum of ₹59,41,000 in Odisha.

Altico Capital and Dubai's Mashreq Bank have approached RBI, accusing HDFC Bank of violating regulatory provisions by debiting part of the funds the company had raised through external commercial borrowing (ECB) and parked at the bank. They claimed that HDFC bank's decision to transfer money from the account may be a violation of the RBI's end-use rule.

On 27 May 2021, RBI imposed a penalty of ₹10 crore (US$1.35 million) on HDFC Bank for deficiencies in regulatory compliances with regard to its auto loan portfolio. The said penalty was imposed with regard to the contraventions of certain provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

In March 2023, HDB Financial Services suffered a breach exposing the data of more than 7 crore (70 million) customers, including email addresses, names, dates of birth, phone numbers, genders, post codes and loan information belonging to the customers.

In June 2025, HDFC Bank's Managing Director and CEO, Sashidhar Jagdishan, was named in a First Information Report (FIR) filed by the Lilavati Kirtilal Mehta Medical Trust, which manages Lilavati Hospital in Mumbai. The complaint alleged his involvement in a financial transaction worth ₹2.05 crore, reportedly aimed at pressuring a trustee of the hospital. This action was linked to a long-standing loan recovery dispute involving Splendour Gems Limited, originating from a recovery certificate issued in 2004.

In 2025–2026, HDFC Bank faced allegations that its Dubai and Bahrain branches missold high-risk Additional Tier-1 (AT1) bonds issued by Credit Suisse to NRI clients as safe, fixed-return products without proper risk disclosure. The bonds were wiped out in March 2023 during Credit Suisse–UBS acquisition, with exposure estimated at $100–120 million. The Dubai Financial Services Authority scrutinised the Dubai branch and barred new clients, leading to an internal probe, staff dismissals, and the March 2026 resignation of chairman Atanu Chakraborty over “values and ethics.”